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Proto-Araqish dialects - Revision history
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Manomow: Created page with "''' Proto-Araqish''' is protolanguage spoken in Eastern Originalia. It is divided on six main regional dialects, separated from each other by g..."
2016-12-30T09:11:05Z
<p>Created page with "'''<a href="/wiki/Proto-Araqish_language" title="Proto-Araqish language"> Proto-Araqish</a>''' is protolanguage spoken in Eastern <a href="/wiki/Originalia" title="Originalia">Originalia</a>. It is divided on six main regional dialects, separated from each other by g..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>'''[[Proto-Araqish language | Proto-Araqish]]''' is protolanguage spoken in Eastern [[Originalia]]. It is divided on six main regional dialects, separated from each other by geographical and cultural conditions.<br />
<br />
== Most distinctive features ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 100%;"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan=2 | Middle Proto-Araqish<br />
! colspan=2 | Northern<br />
! colspan=2 | Center<br />
! colspan=2 | Southern<br />
|-<br />
! Western<br />
! Eastern<br />
! Northern<br />
! Southern<br />
! Western<br />
! Eastern<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=7 | Phonology<br />
|-<br />
| ʈ ʈʰ ɖʰ ʂ<br />
| t tʰ dʰ s<br />
| ʈ ʈʰ ɖʰ ʂ<br />
| t tʰ d s<br />
| ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ʂ<br />
| k kʰ gʰ x<br />
| tˠ tʰˠ dʰˠ sˠ<br />
|-<br />
| t̪ t̪ʰ d̪ʰ s̪<br />
| θ θʰ θʰ h<br />
| t̪ t̪ʰ d̪ʰ s̪<br />
| t tʰ d s<br />
| t̪ t̪ʰ d̪ s̪<br />
| t̪ t̪ʰ d̪ʰ s̪<br />
| t tʰ dʰ s<br />
|-<br />
| ɾ~ɽ~l~ɭ<br />
| ɾ l<br />
| ɾ ɽ l ɭ<br />
| r l<br />
| r~ɽ l~ɭ<br />
| ɺ<br />
| ɾ<br />
|-<br />
| a aː<br />
| ä äː<br />
| ɛ ɛː<br />
| a aː<br />
| a aː<br />
| a aː<br />
| ɛ ɛː<br />
|-<br />
| ɑ ɑː<br />
| ä äː<br />
| ä äː<br />
| ɔ ɔː<br />
| ɑ ɑː<br />
| ɔ ɔː<br />
| ɑ ɑː<br />
|-<br />
| h<br />
| ø<br />
| h<br />
| ø<br />
| ø<br />
| ø<br />
| h<br />
|-<br />
| k <br />
| k<br />
| k<br />
| k<br />
| c<br />
| c<br />
| c<br />
|-<br />
| q<br />
| q<br />
| ʔ<br />
| q<br />
| k<br />
| k<br />
| k<br />
|-<br />
| pʰ t̪ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ<br />
| pʰ tʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ<br />
| pʰ t̪ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ<br />
| pʰ tʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ<br />
| pʰ t̪ʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ<br />
| pʰ t̪ʰ kʰ cʰ kʰ<br />
| pʰ tʰ tʰˠ cʰ kʰ<br />
|-<br />
| bʰ d̪ʰ ɖʰ gʰ ɢʰ<br />
| bʰ dʰ dʰ gʰ ɢʰ<br />
| bʰ d̪ʰ ɖʰ gʰ ɢʰ<br />
| b d d g ɢ<br />
| b d̪ ɖ ɟ g<br />
| bʰ d̪ʰ gʰ ɟʰ gʰ<br />
| bʰ dʰ dˠʰ ɟʰ gʰ<br />
|-<br />
| t̪j t̪ʰj d̪ʰj<br />
| t͡s t͡sʰ d͡zʰ<br />
| t̪͡s t̪͡sʰ d̪͡zʰ<br />
| tj tʰj dj<br />
| tj tʰj dj<br />
| t̪j t̪ʰj d̪ʰj<br />
| tj tʰj dʰj<br />
|-<br />
| ʈj ʈʰj ɖʰj<br />
| t͡s t͡sʰ d͡zʰ<br />
| ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ɖ͡ʐʰ<br />
| tj tʰj dj<br />
| ʈj ʈʰj ɖj<br />
| kj kʰj gʰj<br />
| tˠj tʰˠj dʰˠj<br />
|-<br />
| kj kʰj gʰj<br />
| t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ d͡ʒʰ<br />
| t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ d͡ʒʰ<br />
| kj kʰj gj<br />
| kj kʰj gj<br />
| kj kʰj gʰj<br />
| kj kʰj gʰj<br />
|-<br />
| P + Bʰ<br />
| BBʰ<br />
| BʰBʰ<br />
| BB<br />
| BB<br />
| BBʰ<br />
| BʰBʰ<br />
|-<br />
| Pʰ + Bʰ<br />
| BBʰ<br />
| BʰBʰ<br />
| BB<br />
| BB<br />
| BBʰ<br />
| BʰBʰ<br />
|-<br />
| Bʰ + P<br />
| PPʰ<br />
| PʰPʰ<br />
| PPʰ<br />
| PP<br />
| BBʰ<br />
| PPʰ<br />
|-<br />
| Bʰ + Pʰ<br />
| PPʰ<br />
| PʰPʰ<br />
| PPʰ<br />
| PʰPʰ<br />
| BBʰ<br />
| PʰPʰ<br />
|-<br />
! colspan=7 | Morphology<br />
|-<br />
| split-active alignment<br />
| split-active alignment<br />
| split-active alignment<br />
| split-active alignment<br />
| ergative-accusative alignment<br />
| ergative-accusative alignment<br />
| ergative-accusative alignment<br />
|-<br />
| secundative ditransitive alignment<br />
| secundative ditransitive alignment<br />
| secundative ditransitive alignment<br />
| secundative ditransitive alignment<br />
| three-way patient<br />
| indirective ditransitive alignment<br />
| indirective ditransitive alignment<br />
|-<br />
| 8 cases<br />
| 8 cases<br />
| various new cases<br />
| various new cases<br />
| few new cases<br />
| cases reduction<br />
| various new cases<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Comparative wordlist ==<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center; width: 100%;"<br />
|-<br />
! rowspan=2 colspan=2 | Middle Proto-Araqish<br />
! colspan=2 | Northern<br />
! colspan=2 | Center<br />
! colspan=2 | Southern<br />
|-<br />
! Western<br />
! Eastern<br />
! Northern<br />
! Southern<br />
! Western<br />
! Eastern<br />
|-<br />
| '''xáṣva''' [hɑːʂʋɑ]<br />
| sea<br />
| [äːsʋä]<br />
| [häːʂʋä]<br />
| [ɔːsʋɔ]<br />
| [ɑːʂʋɑ]<br />
| [ɔːxʋɔ]<br />
| [hɑːsˠʋɑ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''qêm''' [qɛːm]<br />
| earth, land<br />
| [qɛːm]<br />
| [ʔɛːm]<br />
| [qɛːm]<br />
| [kɛːm]<br />
| [kɛːm]<br />
| [kɛːm]<br />
|-<br />
| '''qanq''' [qɑɴq]<br />
| stone<br />
| [qäɴq]<br />
| [ʔäŋʔ]<br />
| [qɔɴq]<br />
| [kɑŋk]<br />
| [kɔŋk]<br />
| [kɑŋk]<br />
|-<br />
| '''règ''' [ɾɛgʰ]<br />
| wolf<br />
| [ɾɛgʰ]<br />
| [ɾɛgʰ]<br />
| [rɛg]<br />
| [rɛɟ]<br />
| [rɛɟʰ]<br />
| [ɾɛɟʰ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''áran''' [ɑːɾɑn]<br />
| lake<br />
| [äːɾän]<br />
| [äːɾän]<br />
| [ɔːrɔn]<br />
| [ɑːrɑn]<br />
| [ɔːɺɔn]<br />
| [ɑːɾɑn]<br />
|-<br />
| '''goṣ''' [gʰoʂ]<br />
| coast, bank, edge<br />
| [gʰos]<br />
| [gʰoʂ]<br />
| [gos]<br />
| [ɟoʂ]<br />
| [ɟʰox]<br />
| [ɟʰosˠ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''samar''' [sɑmɑl]<br />
| green<br />
| [hämäl]<br />
| [sämäl]<br />
| [sɔmɔl]<br />
| [sɑmɑl]<br />
| [sɔmɔl]<br />
| [sɑmɑɾ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''tap''' [tɑp]<br />
| hill<br />
| [θäp]<br />
| [täp]<br />
| [tɔp]<br />
| [tɑp]<br />
| [tɔp]<br />
| [tɑp]<br />
|-<br />
| '''xvaq''' [hʋɑq]<br />
| horse<br />
| [ʋäq]<br />
| [hʋäʔ]<br />
| [ʋɔq]<br />
| [ʋɑq]<br />
| [ʋɔk]<br />
| [hʋɑk]<br />
|-<br />
| '''hvôr''' [hʋɔːl]<br />
| sun<br />
| [ʋɔːl]<br />
| [hʋɔːl]<br />
| [ʋɔːl]<br />
| [ʋɔːl]<br />
| [ʋɔːl]<br />
| [hʋɔːɾ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''deṇsu''' [dʰeŋsu]<br />
| sky<br />
| [ðʰeŋsu]<br />
| [dʰensu]<br />
| [deŋsu]<br />
| [deɲsu]<br />
| [dʰeɲsu]<br />
| [dʰeŋsu]<br />
|-<br />
| '''khorot''' [kʰoɾot]<br />
| moon<br />
| [kʰoɾoθ]<br />
| [kʰoɾot]<br />
| [kʰorot]<br />
| [cʰorot]<br />
| [cʰoɺot]<br />
| [cʰoɾot]<br />
|-<br />
| '''mat''' [mɑt]<br />
| time<br />
| [mäθ]<br />
| [mät]<br />
| [mɔt]<br />
| [mɑt]<br />
| [mɔt]<br />
| [mɑt]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ryôn''' [ɾjɔːn]<br />
| night<br />
| [ɾ̝ɔːn]<br />
| [ɾ̝ɔːn]<br />
| [rjɔːn]<br />
| [rjɔːn]<br />
| [rjɔːn]<br />
| [ɾjɔːn]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ġab''' [ɢʰɑbʰ]<br />
| big, great<br />
| [ɢʰäbʰ]<br />
| [ɢʰäbʰ]<br />
| [ɢɔb]<br />
| [gɑb]<br />
| [gʰɔbʰ]<br />
| [gʰɑbʰ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''dôm''' [dʰɔːm]<br />
| thunder<br />
| [ðʰɔːm]<br />
| [dʰɔːm]<br />
| [dɔːm]<br />
| [dɔːm]<br />
| [dʰɔːm]<br />
| [dʰɔːm]<br />
|-<br />
| '''qúq''' [quːq]<br />
| milk<br />
| [quːq]<br />
| [ʔuːʔ]<br />
| [quːq]<br />
| [kuːk]<br />
| [kuːk]<br />
| [kuːk]<br />
|-<br />
| '''dyǽr''' [dʰjaːl]<br />
| mountain<br />
| [d͡zʰäːl]<br />
| [d͡zʰɛːl]<br />
| [djaːl]<br />
| [djaːl]<br />
| [djaːɺ]<br />
| [djɛːɾ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''eṣa''' [eʂɑ]<br />
| light<br />
| [esä]<br />
| [eʂä]<br />
| [esɔ]<br />
| [eʂɑ]<br />
| [exɔ]<br />
| [esˠɑ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''yúv''' [juːʋ]<br />
| water<br />
| [juːʋ]<br />
| [juːʋ]<br />
| [juːʋ]<br />
| [juːʋ]<br />
| [juːʋ]<br />
| [juːʋ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ṭand''' [ʈɑndʰ]<br />
| source, spring<br />
| [tänð]<br />
| [ʈändʰ]<br />
| [tɔnd]<br />
| [ʈɑnd]<br />
| [kɔndʰ]<br />
| [tˠɑndʰ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''min''' [min]<br />
| man<br />
| [min]<br />
| [min]<br />
| [min]<br />
| [min]<br />
| [min]<br />
| [min]<br />
|-<br />
| '''tǽt''' [taːt]<br />
| good<br />
| [θäːθ]<br />
| [tɛːt]<br />
| [taːt]<br />
| [taːt]<br />
| [taːt]<br />
| [tɛːt]<br />
|-<br />
| '''òr''' [ɔl]<br />
| one<br />
| [ɔl]<br />
| [ɔl]<br />
| [ɔl]<br />
| [ɔl]<br />
| [ɔɺ]<br />
| [ɔɾ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ḍaxá''' [ɖʰɑhɑː]<br />
| two<br />
| [däˈäː]<br />
| [ɖʰähäː]<br />
| [dɔˈɔː]<br />
| [dɑˈɑː]<br />
| [gɔˈɔː]<br />
| [dˠʰɑhɑː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''taryú''' [tɑljuː]<br />
| three<br />
| [θäʎuː]<br />
| [täʎuː]<br />
| [tɔljuː]<br />
| [tɑljuː]<br />
| [tɔɺjuː]<br />
| [tɑɾjuː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ambuqi''' [ɑmbʰuqi]<br />
| four<br />
| [ämbʰuqi]<br />
| [ämbʰuʔi]<br />
| [ɔmbuqi]<br />
| [ɑmbuki]<br />
| [ɔmbʰuki]<br />
| [ɑmbʰuki]<br />
|-<br />
| '''khadru''' [kʰɑdʰɾu]<br />
| five<br />
| [kʰäðʰɾu]<br />
| [kʰädʰɾu]<br />
| [kʰɔdru]<br />
| [kʰɑdru]<br />
| [kʰɔdʰɺu]<br />
| [cʰɑdʰɾu]<br />
|-<br />
| '''khaṣḍu''' [kʰɑʂɖʰu]<br />
| six<br />
| [kʰäʒdʰu]<br />
| [kʰäʐɖʰu]<br />
| [kʰɔzdu]<br />
| [kʰɑʐɖu]<br />
| [kʰɔɣgʰu]<br />
| [cʰɑsˠdˠʰu]<br />
|-<br />
| '''tôqtu''' [tɔːqtu]<br />
| seven<br />
| [θɔːqθu]<br />
| [tɔːʔtu]<br />
| [tɔːqtu]<br />
| [tɔːktu]<br />
| [tɔːktu]<br />
| [tɔːktu]<br />
|-<br />
| '''kyáskhu''' [kjɑːskʰu]<br />
| eight<br />
| [t͡ʃäːskʰu]<br />
| [t͡ʃäːskʰu]<br />
| [kjɔːskʰu]<br />
| [cjɑːscʰu]<br />
| [cjɔːscʰu]<br />
| [cjɑːscʰu]<br />
|-<br />
| '''davsu''' [dʰɑʋsu]<br />
| nine<br />
| [ðʰäʋsu]<br />
| [dʰäʋsu]<br />
| [dɔʋsu]<br />
| [dɑʋsu]<br />
| [dʰɔʋsu]<br />
| [dʰɑʋsu]<br />
|-<br />
| '''máthu''' [mɑːtʰu]<br />
| ten<br />
| [mäθʰu]<br />
| [mäːtʰu]<br />
| [mɔːtʰu]<br />
| [mɑːtʰu]<br />
| [mɔːtʰu]<br />
| [mɑːtʰu]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ḍaxmáthu''' [ɖʰɑhmɑːtʰu]<br />
| twenty<br />
| [dʰäːmäːθʰu]<br />
| [ɖʰähmäːtʰu]<br />
| [dɔːmɔːtʰu]<br />
| [ɖɑːmɑːtʰu]<br />
| [gʰɔːmɔːtʰu]<br />
| [ɖʰɑhmɑːtʰu]<br />
|-<br />
| '''mamêth''' [mɑmɛːtʰ]<br />
| (one) hundred<br />
| [mämɛːθʰ]<br />
| [mämɛːtʰ]<br />
| [mɔmɛːtʰ]<br />
| [mɑmɛːtʰ]<br />
| [mɔmɛːtʰ]<br />
| [mɑmɛːtʰ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''varmêth''' [ʋɑlmɛːtʰ]<br />
| (one) thousand<br />
| [ʋälmɛːθʰ]<br />
| [ʋälmɛːtʰ]<br />
| [ʋɔlmɛːtʰ]<br />
| [ʋɑlmɛːtʰ]<br />
| [ʋɔlmɛːtʰ]<br />
| [ʋɑɾmɛːtʰ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''meṣṭe''' [meʂʈe]<br />
| cat<br />
| [meste]<br />
| [meʂʈe]<br />
| [meste]<br />
| [meʂʈe]<br />
| [mexke]<br />
| [mesˠtˠe]<br />
|-<br />
| '''xôg''' [hɔːgʰ]<br />
| fire<br />
| [ɔːgʰ]<br />
| [hɔːgʰ]<br />
| [ɔːg]<br />
| [ɔːɟ]<br />
| [ɔːɟʰ]<br />
| [hɔːɟʰ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''dumb''' [dʰumbʰ]<br />
| tree<br />
| [ðʰumbʰ]<br />
| [dʰumbʰ]<br />
| [dumb]<br />
| [dumb]<br />
| [dʰumbʰ]<br />
| [dʰumbʰ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''bák''' [bʰɑːk]<br />
| cow<br />
| [bʰäːk]<br />
| [bʰäk]<br />
| [bɔːk]<br />
| [bɑːc]<br />
| [bʰɔːc]<br />
| [bʰɑːc]<br />
|-<br />
| '''agô''' [ɑgʰɔː]<br />
| brother<br />
| [ägʰɔː]<br />
| [ägʰɔː]<br />
| [ɔgɔː]<br />
| [ɑɟɔː]<br />
| [ɔɟʰɔː]<br />
| [ɑɟʰɔː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''súg''' [suːgʰ]<br />
| dog<br />
| [suːgʰ]<br />
| [suːgʰ]<br />
| [suːg]<br />
| [suːɟ]<br />
| [suːɟʰ]<br />
| [suːɟʰ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''na''' [nɑ]<br />
| I<br />
| [nä]<br />
| [nä]<br />
| [nɔ]<br />
| [nɑ]<br />
| [nɔ]<br />
| [nɑ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''khú''' [kʰuː]<br />
| thou here<br />
| [kʰuː]<br />
| [kʰuː]<br />
| [kʰuː]<br />
| [cʰuː]<br />
| [cʰuː]<br />
| [cʰuː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ṭú''' [ʈuː]<br />
| thou there<br />
| [tuː]<br />
| [ʈuː]<br />
| [tuː]<br />
| [ʈuː]<br />
| [kuː]<br />
| [tˠuː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''óm''' [oːm]<br />
| he / she / it here<br />
| [oːm]<br />
| [oːm]<br />
| [oːm]<br />
| [oːm]<br />
| [oːm]<br />
| [oːm]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ês''' [ɛːʂ]<br />
| he / she / it there<br />
| [ɛːs]<br />
| [ɛːʂ]<br />
| [ɛːs]<br />
| [ɛːʂ]<br />
| [ɛːx]<br />
| [ɛːsˠ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ṣá''' [ʂɑː]<br />
| someone here<br />
| [säː]<br />
| [ʂäː]<br />
| [sɔː]<br />
| [ʂɑː]<br />
| [xɔː]<br />
| [sˠɑː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ġá''' [ɢɑː]<br />
| someone there<br />
| [ɢʰäː]<br />
| [ɢʰäː]<br />
| [ɢɔː]<br />
| [gɑː]<br />
| [gʰɔː]<br />
| [gʰɑː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''mé''' [meː]<br />
| we<br />
| [meː]<br />
| [meː]<br />
| [meː]<br />
| [meː]<br />
| [meː]<br />
| [meː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ṇé''' [ŋeː]<br />
| you here<br />
| [ŋeː]<br />
| [ŋeː]<br />
| [ŋeː]<br />
| [ɲeː]<br />
| [ɲeː]<br />
| [ɲeː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''yó''' [joː]<br />
| you there<br />
| [joː]<br />
| [joː]<br />
| [joː]<br />
| [joː]<br />
| [joː]<br />
| [joː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''óma''' [oːmɑ]<br />
| he / she / it here<br />
| [oːmä]<br />
| [oːmä]<br />
| [oːmɔ]<br />
| [oːmɑ]<br />
| [oːmɔ]<br />
| [oːmɑ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''êsa''' [ɛːsɑ]<br />
| he / she / it there<br />
| [ɛːhä]<br />
| [ɛːsä]<br />
| [ɛːsɔ]<br />
| [ɛːsɑ]<br />
| [ɛːsɔ]<br />
| [ɛːsɑ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''mód''' [moːdʰ]<br />
| house<br />
| [moːðʰ]<br />
| [moːdʰ]<br />
| [moːd]<br />
| [moːd]<br />
| [moːdʰ]<br />
| [moːdʰ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''bábá''' [bʰɑːbʰɑː]<br />
| war<br />
| [bʰäːbʰäː]<br />
| [bʰäːbʰäː]<br />
| [bɔːbɔː]<br />
| [bɑːbɑː]<br />
| [bʰɔːbʰɔː]<br />
| [bʰɑːbʰɑː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''qún''' [quːn]<br />
| fate<br />
| [quːn]<br />
| [ʔuːn]<br />
| [quːn]<br />
| [kuːn]<br />
| [kuːn]<br />
| [kuːn]<br />
|-<br />
| '''phyos''' [pʰjos]<br />
| wise<br />
| [pʰjos]<br />
| [pʰjos]<br />
| [pʰjos]<br />
| [pʰjos]<br />
| [pʰjos]<br />
| [pʰjos]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ala''' [ɑɾɑ]<br />
| eye<br />
| [äɾä]<br />
| [äɾä]<br />
| [ɔrɔ]<br />
| [ɑrɑ]<br />
| [ɔɺɔ]<br />
| [ɑɾɑ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''gint''' [gʰint]<br />
| hand<br />
| [gʰint]<br />
| [gʰint]<br />
| [gint]<br />
| [ɟint]<br />
| [ɟʰint]<br />
| [ɟʰint]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ġór''' [ɢʰoːl]<br />
| round, globular object<br />
| [ɢʰoːl]<br />
| [ɢʰoːl]<br />
| [ɢoːl]<br />
| [goːl]<br />
| [gʰoːɺ]<br />
| [gʰoːɾ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ġáná''' [ɢʰɑːnɑː]<br />
| family, lineage<br />
| [ɢʰäːnäː]<br />
| [ɢʰäːnäː]<br />
| [ɢɔːnɔː]<br />
| [gɑːnɑː]<br />
| [gʰɔːnɔː]<br />
| [gʰɑːnɑː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''thǽd ''' [tʰaːdʰ]<br />
| tooth<br />
| [θʰäːðʰ]<br />
| [tʰɛːdʰ]<br />
| [tʰaːd]<br />
| [tʰaːd]<br />
| [tʰaːdʰ]<br />
| [tʰɛːdʰ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''mvar''' [mʋɑl]<br />
| hair, fur<br />
| [mʋäl]<br />
| [mʋäl]<br />
| [mʋɔl]<br />
| [mʋɑl]<br />
| [mʋɔɺ]<br />
| [mʋɑɾ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''qubma''' [qubʰmɑ]<br />
| fall<br />
| [qubʰmä]<br />
| [ʔubʰmä]<br />
| [qubmɔ]<br />
| [kubmɑ]<br />
| [kuːbʰmɔ]<br />
| [kuːbʰmɑ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''iṣpê''' [iʂpɛː]<br />
| speech<br />
| [ispɛː]<br />
| [iʂpɛː]<br />
| [ispɛː]<br />
| [iʂpɛː]<br />
| [ixpɛː]<br />
| [isˠpɛː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''bákep''' [bʰɑːkep]<br />
| hammer<br />
| [bʰäːkep]<br />
| [bʰäːkep]<br />
| [bɔkep]<br />
| [bʰɑːcep]<br />
| [bʰɔːcep]<br />
| [bʰɑːcep]<br />
|-<br />
| '''báktan''' [bʰɑktɑn]<br />
| cowman<br />
| [bʰäkθän]<br />
| [bʰäktän]<br />
| [bɔktɔn]<br />
| [bɑktɑn]<br />
| [bʰɔctɔn]<br />
| [bʰɑctɑn]<br />
|-<br />
| '''púrú''' [puːɾuː]<br />
| meal<br />
| [puːɾuː]<br />
| [puːɾuː]<br />
| [puːruː]<br />
| [puːruː]<br />
| [puːɺuː]<br />
| [puːɾuː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''môvthǽdas''' [mɔːʋtʰaːdʰɑs]<br />
| toothless<br />
| [mɔːʋθʰäːðʰäh]<br />
| [mɔːʋtʰɛːdʰäs]<br />
| [mɔːʋtʰaːdɔs]<br />
| [mɔːʋtʰaːdɑs]<br />
| [mɔːʋtʰaːdʰɔs]<br />
| [mɔːʋtʰɛːdʰɑs]<br />
|-<br />
| '''bônd''' [bʰɔːndʰ]<br />
| strong<br />
| [bʰɔːndʰ]<br />
| [bʰɔːnðʰ]<br />
| [bɔːnd]<br />
| [bɔːnd]<br />
| [bʰɔːndʰ]<br />
| [bʰɔːndʰ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''gonder''' [gʰondʰel]<br />
| slaughterhouse<br />
| [gʰonðʰel]<br />
| [gʰondʰel]<br />
| [gondel]<br />
| [ɟondel]<br />
| [ɟʰondʰeɺ]<br />
| [ɟʰondʰeɾ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''xôgder''' [hɔːgʰdʰel]<br />
| campfire<br />
| [ɔːgʰðʰel]<br />
| [hɔːgʰdʰel]<br />
| [ɔːgdel]<br />
| [ɔːɟdel]<br />
| [ɔːɟʰdʰel]<br />
| [hɔːɟʰdʰeɾ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''agônæn''' [ɑgʰɔːnan]<br />
| brotherhood<br />
| [ägʰɔːnän]<br />
| [ägʰɔːnɛn]<br />
| [ɔgɔːnan]<br />
| [ɑɟɔːnan]<br />
| [ɔɟʰɔːnan]<br />
| [ɑɟʰɔːnɛn]<br />
|-<br />
| '''mǽdtan''' [maːdʰtɑn]<br />
| teacher<br />
| [mäːθθʰän]<br />
| [mɛːtʰtʰän]<br />
| [maːddɔn]<br />
| [maːddɑn]<br />
| [maːddʰɔn]<br />
| [mɛːttʰɑn]<br />
|-<br />
| '''mǽdmi''' [maːdʰmi]<br />
| learner<br />
| [mäːdʰmi]<br />
| [mɛːdʰmi]<br />
| [maːdmi]<br />
| [maːdmi]<br />
| [maːdʰmi]<br />
| [mɛːdʰmi]<br />
|-<br />
| '''súgtyap''' [suːgʰtjɑp]<br />
| half-dog<br />
| [huːkt͡sʰäp]<br />
| [suːkʰt͡sʰäp]<br />
| [suːktʰjɔp]<br />
| [suːctjɑp]<br />
| [suːɟdʰjɔp]<br />
| [suːɟʰtjɑp]<br />
|-<br />
| '''bábákant''' [bʰɑːbʰɑːkɑnt]<br />
| craft of war<br />
| [bʰäːbʰäːkänθ]<br />
| [bʰäbʰäːkänt]<br />
| [bɔːbɔːkɔnt]<br />
| [bɑːbɑːcɑnt]<br />
| [bʰɔːbʰɔːcɔnt]<br />
| [bʰɑːbʰɑːcɑnt]<br />
|-<br />
| '''púrúvík''' [puːɾuːʋik]<br />
| bread<br />
| [puːɾuːʋiːk]<br />
| [puːɾuːʋiːk]<br />
| [puːruːʋiːk]<br />
| [puːruːʋiːc]<br />
| [puːɺuːʋiːc]<br />
| [puːɾuːʋiːc]<br />
|-<br />
| '''dyǽrdá''' [dʰjaːldʰɑː]<br />
| grand mountain<br />
| [d͡zʰäːldʰäː]<br />
| [d͡zʰɛːldʰäː]<br />
| [djaːldɔː]<br />
| [djaːldɑː]<br />
| [dʰjaːɺdʰɔː]<br />
| [dʰjɛːɾdʰɑː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''kháṣá''' [kʰɑːʂɑː]<br />
| daughter<br />
| [kʰäːsäː]<br />
| [kʰäːʂäː]<br />
| [kʰɔːsɔː]<br />
| [cʰɑːʂɑː]<br />
| [cʰɔːxɔː]<br />
| [cʰɑːsˠɑː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ṣvǽrnæn''' [ʂʋaːlnan]<br />
| star<br />
| [sʋäːlnän]<br />
| [ʂʋäːlnɛn]<br />
| [sʋaːlnan]<br />
| [ʂʋaːlnan]<br />
| [xʋaːɺnan]<br />
| [sˠʋɛːɾnɛn]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ṣvǽr''' [ʂʋaːl]<br />
| gold<br />
| [sʋäːl]<br />
| [ʂʋäːl]<br />
| [sʋaːl]<br />
| [ʂʋaːl]<br />
| [xʋaːl]<br />
| [sˠʋɛːɾ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''khèdín''' [kʰɛdʰiːn]<br />
| copper<br />
| [kʰɛdʰiːn]<br />
| [kʰɛdʰiːn]<br />
| [kʰɛdiːn]<br />
| [cʰɛdiːn]<br />
| [cʰɛdʰiːn]<br />
| [cʰɛdʰiːn]<br />
|-<br />
| '''keṇk''' [keŋk]<br />
| wheel<br />
| [keŋk]<br />
| [keŋk]<br />
| [keŋk]<br />
| [ceɲc]<br />
| [ceɲc]<br />
| [ceɲc]<br />
|-<br />
| '''phôr''' [pʰɔːl]<br />
| front<br />
| [pʰɔːl]<br />
| [pʰɔːl]<br />
| [pʰɔːl]<br />
| [pʰɔːl]<br />
| [pʰɔːɺ]<br />
| [pʰɔːɾ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''byǽs''' [bʰjaːs]<br />
| side of body<br />
| [bʰjäːh]<br />
| [bʰjɛːs]<br />
| [bjaːs]<br />
| [bjaːs]<br />
| [bʰjaːs]<br />
| [bʰjɛːs]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ġíth''' [ɢʰiːtʰ]<br />
| high<br />
| [ɢʰiːθʰ]<br />
| [ɢʰiːtʰ]<br />
| [ɢiːtʰ]<br />
| [giːtʰ]<br />
| [gʰiːtʰ]<br />
| [gʰiːtʰ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ġíthdá''' [ɢʰiːtʰdʰɑː]<br />
| deity<br />
| [ɢʰiːððʰäː]<br />
| [ɢʰiːdʰdʰäː]<br />
| [ɢiːddɔː]<br />
| [giːddɑː]<br />
| [gʰiːddʰɔː]<br />
| [gʰiːtʰtʰɑː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''kuṣṭtan''' [kuʂʈtɑn]<br />
| shooter<br />
| [kustθän]<br />
| [kuʂʈtän]<br />
| [kusttɔn]<br />
| [kuʂʈtɑn]<br />
| [kuxktɔn]<br />
| [kusˠtˠtɑn]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ranté''' [ɾɑnteː]<br />
| flower<br />
| [ɾänθeː]<br />
| [ɾänteː]<br />
| [rɔnteː]<br />
| [rɑnteː]<br />
| [ɺɔnteː]<br />
| [ɾɑnteː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''rár''' [rɑːl]<br />
| sunshine<br />
| [ɾäːl]<br />
| [ɾäːl]<br />
| [rɔːl]<br />
| [rɑːl]<br />
| [ɺɔːɺ]<br />
| [ɾɑːɾ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''xǽy''' [haːj]<br />
| warm<br />
| [äːj]<br />
| [hɛːj]<br />
| [aːj]<br />
| [aːj]<br />
| [aːj]<br />
| [hɛːj]<br />
|-<br />
| '''qháp''' [qʰɑːp]<br />
| full<br />
| [qʰäːp]<br />
| [qʰäːp]<br />
| [qʰɔːp]<br />
| [kʰɑːp]<br />
| [kʰɔːp]<br />
| [kʰɑːp]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ryǽṣ''' [ɾjaːʂ]<br />
| word<br />
| [ɾ̝äːs]<br />
| [ɾ̝ɛːʂ]<br />
| [r̝aːs]<br />
| [raːʂ]<br />
| [ɺaːx]<br />
| [ɾjɛːsˠ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ġvòrġ''' [ɢʰʋɔlɢʰ]<br />
| wild<br />
| [ɢʰʋɔlɢʰ]<br />
| [ɢʰʋɔlɢʰ]<br />
| [ɢʋɔlɢ]<br />
| [gʋɔlg]<br />
| [gʰʋɔɺg]<br />
| [gʰʋɔɾgʰ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''kasik''' [kɑsik]<br />
| garlic<br />
| [kähik]<br />
| [käsik]<br />
| [kɔsik]<br />
| [cɑsic]<br />
| [cɔsic]<br />
| [cɑsic]<br />
|-<br />
| '''mesin''' [mesin]<br />
| cherry<br />
| [mehin]<br />
| [mesin]<br />
| [mesin]<br />
| [mesin]<br />
| [mesin]<br />
| [mesin]<br />
|-<br />
| '''thòqi''' [tʰɔqi]<br />
| olive<br />
| [θʰɔqi]<br />
| [tʰɔʔi]<br />
| [tʰɔqi]<br />
| [tʰɔki]<br />
| [tʰɔki]<br />
| [tʰɔki]<br />
|-<br />
| '''væthǽ''' [ʋatʰaː]<br />
| cotton<br />
| [ʋätʰäː]<br />
| [ʋɛtʰɛː]<br />
| [ʋatʰaː]<br />
| [ʋatʰaː]<br />
| [ʋatʰaː]<br />
| [ʋɛtʰɛː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''bís''' [bʰiːs]<br />
| bee<br />
| [bʰiːh]<br />
| [bʰiːs]<br />
| [biːs]<br />
| [biːs]<br />
| [bʰiːs]<br />
| [bʰiːs]<br />
|-<br />
| '''thyèṣ''' [tʰjɛʂ]<br />
| plum<br />
| [t͡sʰɛs]<br />
| [t͡sʰɛʂ]<br />
| [tʰjɛs]<br />
| [tʰjɛʂ]<br />
| [tʰjɛx]<br />
| [tʰjɛsˠ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''xèmè''' [hɛmɛ]<br />
| flax<br />
| [ɛmɛ]<br />
| [hɛmɛ]<br />
| [ɛmɛ]<br />
| [ɛmɛ]<br />
| [ɛmɛ]<br />
| [hɛmɛ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''gáòn''' [gʰɑːˈɔn]<br />
| dhole<br />
| [gʰäːˈɔn]<br />
| [gʰäːˈɔn]<br />
| [gɔːˈɔn]<br />
| [ɟɑːˈɔn]<br />
| [ɟɔːˈɔn]<br />
| [ɟʰɑːˈɔn]<br />
|-<br />
| '''phárs''' [pʰɑːls]<br />
| leopard<br />
| [pʰäːlh]<br />
| [pʰäːls]<br />
| [pʰɔls]<br />
| [pʰɑls]<br />
| [pʰɔls]<br />
| [pʰɔɾs]<br />
|-<br />
| '''pínté''' [piːnteː]<br />
| cheetah<br />
| [piːnteː]<br />
| [piːnteː]<br />
| [piːnteː]<br />
| [piːnteː]<br />
| [piːnteː]<br />
| [piːnteː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ġárḍ''' [ɢʰɑːɭɖʰ]<br />
| lion<br />
| [ɢʰäːldʰ]<br />
| [ɢʰäɭɖʰ]<br />
| [ɢɔld]<br />
| [gɑɭɖ]<br />
| [gʰɔːɺgʰ]<br />
| [gʰɑːɽɖʰ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''sǽokh''' [saːˈokʰ]<br />
| snake<br />
| [häːˈokʰ]<br />
| [sɛːˈokʰ]<br />
| [saːˈokʰ]<br />
| [saːˈocʰ]<br />
| [saːˈocʰ]<br />
| [sɛːˈocʰ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''mabú''' [mɑbʰuː]<br />
| cobra<br />
| [mäbʰuː]<br />
| [mäbʰuː]<br />
| [mɔbuː]<br />
| [mɑbuː]<br />
| [mɔbʰuː]<br />
| [mɑbʰuː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''xaskaṣ''' [hɑskɑʂ]<br />
| mongoose<br />
| [ähkäs]<br />
| [häskäʂ]<br />
| [ɔskɔs]<br />
| [ɑscɑʂ]<br />
| [ɔscɔx]<br />
| [hɑskɑsˠ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''gephyo''' [gʰepʰjo]<br />
| fish<br />
| [gʰepʰjo]<br />
| [gʰepʰjo]<br />
| [gepʰjo]<br />
| [ɟepʰjo]<br />
| [ɟʰepʰjo]<br />
| [ɟʰepʰjo]<br />
|-<br />
| '''vóyté''' [ʋoːjteː]<br />
| hyaena<br />
| [ʋoːjteː]<br />
| [ʋoːjteː]<br />
| [ʋoːjteː]<br />
| [ʋoːjteː]<br />
| [ʋoːjteː]<br />
| [ʋoːjteː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''khuṭa''' [kʰuʈɑ]<br />
| civet<br />
| [kʰutä]<br />
| [kʰuʈä]<br />
| [kʰutɔ]<br />
| [cʰuʈɑ]<br />
| [cʰukɔ]<br />
| [cʰutˠɑ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''phyǽy''' [pʰjaːj]<br />
| peafowl<br />
| [pʰjäːj]<br />
| [pʰjɛːj]<br />
| [pʰjaːj]<br />
| [pʰjaːj]<br />
| [pʰjaːj]<br />
| [pʰjɛːj]<br />
|-<br />
| '''biḍar''' [bʰiɖʰɑl]<br />
| ibex<br />
| [bʰidʰäl]<br />
| [bʰiɖʰäl]<br />
| [bidɔl]<br />
| [bidɑl]<br />
| [bʰigʰɔɺ]<br />
| [bʰiɖʰɑɾ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''gothiṣ''' [gʰotʰiʂ]<br />
| sheep<br />
| [gʰoθʰis]<br />
| [gʰotʰiʂ]<br />
| [gotʰis]<br />
| [ɟotʰiʂ]<br />
| [ɟʰotʰix]<br />
| [ɟʰotʰisˠ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''qhòbá''' [qʰɔbʰɑː]<br />
| monkey<br />
| [qʰɔbʰäː]<br />
| [qʰɔbʰäː]<br />
| [qʰɔbɔː]<br />
| [kʰɔbɑː]<br />
| [kʰɔbʰɔː]<br />
| [cʰɔbʰɔː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''èbên''' [ɛbʰɛːn]<br />
| elephant<br />
| [ɛbʰɛːn]<br />
| [ɛbʰɛːn]<br />
| [ɛbɛːn]<br />
| [ɛbɛːn]<br />
| [ɛbʰɛːn]<br />
| [ɛbʰɛːn]<br />
|-<br />
| '''qadyís''' [qɑdʰjiːs]<br />
| caracal<br />
| [qäðʰjiːh]<br />
| [ʔädʰjiːs]<br />
| [qɔdjiːs]<br />
| [kɑdjiːs]<br />
| [kɔdʰjiːs]<br />
| [cɑdʰjiːs]<br />
|-<br />
| '''khorák''' [kʰoɾɑːk]<br />
| shark<br />
| [kʰoɾäːk]<br />
| [kʰoɾäːk]<br />
| [kʰorɔːk]<br />
| [cʰorɑːc]<br />
| [cʰoɺɔːc]<br />
| [cʰoɾɑːc]<br />
|-<br />
| '''myêr''' [mjɛːl]<br />
| eagle<br />
| [mɲɛːl]<br />
| [mɲɛːl]<br />
| [mjɛːl]<br />
| [mjɛːl]<br />
| [mjɛːɺ]<br />
| [mjɛːɾ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''dandè''' [dʰɑndʰɛ]<br />
| oak<br />
| [ðʰänðʰɛ]<br />
| [dʰändʰɛ]<br />
| [dɔndɛ]<br />
| [dɑndɛ]<br />
| [dʰɔndʰɛ]<br />
| [dʰɑndʰɛ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''khoson''' [kʰoson]<br />
| pine<br />
| [kʰohon]<br />
| [kʰoson]<br />
| [kʰoson]<br />
| [cʰoson]<br />
| [cʰoson]<br />
| [cʰoson]<br />
|-<br />
| '''dathúd''' [dʰɑtʰuːdʰ]<br />
| cedar<br />
| [ðʰäθʰuːðʰ]<br />
| [dʰätʰuːdʰ]<br />
| [dɔtʰuːd]<br />
| [dɑtʰuːd]<br />
| [dʰɔtʰuːdʰ]<br />
| [dʰɑtʰuːdʰ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''kaduq''' [kɑdʰuq]<br />
| head<br />
| [käðʰuq]<br />
| [kädʰuʔ]<br />
| [kɔduq]<br />
| [cɑduk]<br />
| [cɔdʰuk]<br />
| [cɑdʰuk]<br />
|-<br />
| '''gúrḍ''' [gʰuːɭɖʰ]<br />
| auroch<br />
| [gʰuːldʰ]<br />
| [gʰuːɭɖʰ]<br />
| [guːld]<br />
| [ɟuːlɖ]<br />
| [ɟʰuːɺgʰ]<br />
| [ɟʰuːɽɖʰ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''máṇġté''' [mɑːɴɢ̻ʰteː]<br />
| cattle<br />
| [mäːɴ̻qθʰeː]<br />
| [mäɴ̻qʰtʰeː]<br />
| [mɔɴ̻qtʰeː]<br />
| [mɑŋ̊qteː]<br />
| [mɔŋɢdʰeː]<br />
| [mɑːŋ̊ktʰeː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ġúmb''' [ɢʰuːmbʰ]<br />
| gaur<br />
| [ɢʰuːmbʰ]<br />
| [ɢʰuːmbʰ]<br />
| [ɢuːmb]<br />
| [guːmb]<br />
| [gʰuːmbʰ]<br />
| [gʰuːmbʰ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''módġúmb''' [moːdʰɢʰuːmbʰ]<br />
| banteng<br />
| [moːðʰɢʰuːmbʰ]<br />
| [moːdʰɢʰuːmbʰ]<br />
| [moːdɢuːmb]<br />
| [moːdguːmb]<br />
| [moːdgʰuːmbʰ]<br />
| [moːdʰgʰuːmbʰi]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ṭhúr''' [ʈʰuːl]<br />
| horn<br />
| [tʰuːl]<br />
| [ʈʰuːl]<br />
| [ʈʰuːl]<br />
| [ʈʰuːl]<br />
| [kʰuːɺ]<br />
| [tˠʰuːɾ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''vǽnyô''' [ʋaːnjɔː]<br />
| meadow<br />
| [ʋäːnjɔː]<br />
| [ʋɛːnjɔː]<br />
| [ʋaːnjɔː]<br />
| [ʋaːnjɔː]<br />
| [ʋanjɔː]<br />
| [ʋɛːnjɔː]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ramba''' [ɾɑmbʰɑ]<br />
| tiger<br />
| [ɾämbʰä]<br />
| [ɾämbʰä]<br />
| [rɔmbɔ]<br />
| [rɑmbɑ]<br />
| [ɺɔmbʰɔ]<br />
| [ɾɑmbʰɑ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''xáṣvamin''' [hɑːʂʋɑmin]<br />
| dolphin<br />
| [äsʋämin]<br />
| [häʂʋämin]<br />
| [ɔsʋɔmin]<br />
| [ɑʂʋɑmin]<br />
| [ɔxʋɔmin]<br />
| [hɑːsˠʋɑmin]<br />
|-<br />
| '''sarír''' [sɑɾiːl]<br />
| rye<br />
| [häɾiːl]<br />
| [säɾiːl]<br />
| [sɔriːl]<br />
| [sɑriːl]<br />
| [sɔɺiːɺ]<br />
| [sɑɾiːɾ]<br />
|-<br />
| '''ṭamphí''' [ʈɑmpʰiː]<br />
| hemp<br />
| [tämpʰiː]<br />
| [ʈämpʰiː]<br />
| [tɔmpʰiː]<br />
| [ʈɑmpʰiː]<br />
| [kɔmpʰiː]<br />
| [tˠɑmpʰiː]<br />
|}<br />
<br />
== Northwestern ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Northeastern ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== North-central ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== South-central ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Southwestern ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
== Southeastern ==<br />
<br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
<br />
*[[Etymological dictionary of Proto-Araqish]]<br />
<br />
{{ELWorld_LanguageNav}}<br />
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