1840s

World in 1841

Centuries:	19th century - 20th century
Decades:	1810s 1820s 1830s – 1840s – 1850s 1860s 1870s

1840

Americas

• In the Texas region, Texan and Mexician forces are at a stalemate with the borders being splite down the middle.

• Pedro II is declared "of age" prematurely and begins to reassert central control in Brazil. His first act, as Emperor is to negotiate a peace treaty with Souther Rebels with Argentinain backing negotiate , declaring them their own state while attacking the northern rebels.

• Britain and Colombia continue building numerous amounts of forts in Guyana, all reinorced with garrisons.

• U.S. presidential election, Major General Winfield Scott from New Jersey, of the Whig defeats incumbant Democrate Presidend, Martin Van Buren.

Europe

• Willem II becomes King of the Netherlands.

• Prince George of Wales, goes on a state tour of Europe, so say in hope of finding a wife to be future queen.

• The Prussian heir apparent, Frederick William, becomes King of Prussia as Frederick William IV

• The Ottoman civil war continues with stalemate with high loses on both, which is not helped by the Russian and Persians.

• The Russian forces attack in the Balkans and in Northern Kurdistan, with the Russians only losing one of the fifteen battles.

• Austria has signed a non-agression treaty with Ottoman Empire, promising that neither party will attack one another or help others in their efforts of attacking one another for atleast five years.

Asia and Oceania

• Russia and Persia, form an alliance agaist the Ottoman Empire, as Persian forces contiune their moves into Kurdistan.

• Chinese forces expell any British citizens or merchants , which causes them to be angry witht the Brititish Governemnt.

• The Opium war continues with the Royal Navy blockading major ports along the Chinese coast, no bullets have be fired as of yet.

• The New Munster Gold Rush has brough more and more settlers to the area in the hope of striking gold.

Africa

• During the Treaty of Paris, the Vrije Republiek Suid Afrika (Free Republic of South Africa) is acknowledged as a free, sovereign and independent state, by Great Britain, Spain, France, Portugal and the Netherlands. The borders of VRSA and British South Africa are confirmed.

1841

Americas

• With the Texans and Mexicans in a stalemate, the Mormons in California declare their own republic, making huge claims of the entirety of the Californian territories.

• Brazilian forces mow down the decentralized rebels in the north.

• Britain and Colombia stare wary-eyed at each other from over the border, but neither dare make a move.

Europe

• Prince George of Wales, goes on a state tour of Europe, so say in hope of finding a wife to be future queen.

• The Ottomans begin considering surrendering and ending the war on all fronts.

• The Russian forces keep pushing inwards, clashing with Bulgarian rebels.

Asia and Oceania

• The Persians are held over the Euphrates, and have trouble moving in, except with supporting the Russian troops coming down from the north.

• The Chinese demand that the British end their blockade, or there will be consequences.

1842

Americas

• With the Mormon's insane jump at their republic, claiming all of California, a portion of the forces of Mexico are sent to deal with this issue before it becomes greater. While already fighting a stalemate with the Texans, this is seen as somewhat of a threat if only because such a Mormon Republic could be backed and puppetized by the United States, Britain, or France with ease; and this greatly worries the Mexican government.

• Continued volunteer forces flood in from the US border with Texas, and this combined with the fact reinforcements for the Mexican army in Texas were directed towards the Mormon Rebels in the California(s) region, push the border of the fledgling rebellious 'state' of Texas further west and south. Bastions of Mexican control continue in some areas despite this and a daring raid on San Antonio sees the city revolt and Mexican forces march upon it, with the rebels sheltering in a mission era fort called 'The Alamo.'

• To help further balance out the 'Slave State/Free State' debate, the US legislature approves the division of the Florida Territory into two, and the admittance of the northern, by far more highly populated area of the Florida Territory, as a Slave State known as 'North Florida'.

Europe

• The government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain & Ireland sponsors further 'join the colonies and help build the empire' efforts within Ireland, hoping to both lessen the papal (see really meaning 'French leaning') influence of Catholic Irish populations, and also to help provide a greater manpower increase in the colonies, hoping it will allow its Canadian colonies especially, to 'hit above the belt'. Among the measures are government sponsored land purchase loans, especially at cheap prices, especially if the Irish agree to settle in the Oregon Country, to better the British claim to that territory. No, not a chance that will backfire on the British.

Asia and Oceania

• New Munster Gold Rush continues.

• The Opium War continues. The Chinese government sends envoys to the British Embassy to cease and desist their blockade, or face 'further consequences.' This is given a FIELD DAY in the British Newspapers.

1843

Americas

• As expected, the Texas War of Independence continues. US volunteers continue to enter the fighting, and a David Crockett, veteran of the Siege of the Alamo, continues fighting, and becomes very influential in the rebel leadership. While they fight, so do the Mormons in California, who have aligned their struggle with other Anglos in California. Mexico is losing in both places. Then the Caste War in the Yucatan erupts into full fighting and Central Mexico seems rife for civil war between forces loyal to the government and ones loyal to General Vincento Filsola.

• Irishmen begin to enter the Northwest Territory, settling there. They are somewhat pro-British.

• Colombian and British settlers continue to fight over whose land is whose. Due to preoccupation elsewhere, the British do not move, but the Colombians prepare their military.

• Rebels in Brazil are finally completely defeated.

Europe

• In 1842, Prince George of Wales marries Princess Marianne of the Netherlands, whose old husband died.

• The Ottomans leave the war, losing a little land to Russia, as well as independent states in the Balkans. There is great discontent, and reforms are drastically needed.

Asia

• The Opium War finally comes to something. Chinese junks attack British ships, leading to retaliation and the destruction of Chinese ports. The British then land a force in Korea, fermenting rebellion. They advance north with their Korean allies. The Chinese are finding it hard to beat the British troops.

• Yemen has been Egyptian for a while.

Africa

• Tunisia acquires Tripolitania. Its ruler becomes interested in the west, and attempts to get advisors for his military.

Oceania

• Australia has South Australia, a province, created out of it.

• New Munster sees the Gold Rush continue, but it is near ending.

1844

Americas

• Things are getting interesting in the China sense in Mexico. The Texan rebels have an exceptional year, after succesfully relieving the Alamo and taking even more land. Civil war has erupted in Central Mexico, and with the armies gone, General Vincento Filsola seems ready to take Mexico City.

• The only front they are doing well in is California, where they have managed to push back the Anglo-Mormon armies and kill the Leader Joseph Smith. This will be a defining moment for the Mormon movement, as he becomes a martyr.

• Disagreements erupt in Oregon, especially over Vancouver Island. There hasn't been any violence yet, but it could get worse. Some Irish settlers are starting a Pro-American camp.

• Meanwhile in Columbia, tensions continue to mount. Colombia has not yet attacked British settlers, but it seems like it is only a matter time. Meanwhile Britain is busy in China.

• The Washington D.C starts to talk about possible war with Mexico and how to divide the Oregon Country. Many believe Vancouver Island should be American, and that fighting for Texans and even the Californians (they don't really understand the Mormons, or they may be more opposed to helping them) is the right thing to do. Meanwhile thousands of American Volunteers and colonists surge west into Texas, Oregon and now California.

Europe

• Dissent is growing amongst the lower class as they seek better working conditions and pay. The aristocracy pays them little heed.

• Greece, in a bold move, declares war on the Ottomans almost immediately before Russia peaces out. Despite this, they still receive a lot of support from the Russians and with their fresh navy (which is somehow bigger than the Ottomans non-existent one) and trained army, they invade and achieve great amounts of success. Central Greece and almost the whole Aegan is now fully Greek, and they even reach Constantinople before what's left of the Ottoman army forces the overextend Greeks back to Edirne. The front has now stabilized there.

Asia

• Persia makes peace with the Ottomans, who desperately need to return to fight Greece. As one may imagine, the peace deal is not favorable to the Ottomans, but the Persians do not take much more land.

• The Opium War is starting to look like it is going to be a British victory. Successful landings are made in Hong Kong and Taiwan, and Korea is almost fully conquered by the British and their Korean Allies. Peace talks begin.

• Their are still no reforms in the Ottoman system. They are too focused on Persians and Greeks.

Africa

• Egypt is now trying to successfully modernize, borrowing where they can to become one with the times. They are achieving a decent amount of success.

• Meanwhile, Tunisia is horribly in debt. Most of this is owned by the Two Sicilies, who warn that if Tunisia will not pay, they will be forced to make them pay.

1845

Europe

• After the long, devastating civil war and the disastrous results against the Russians and their allies, Sultan Mehmet Ali decides to draw the consequence that their defeats can be attributed to a conspiracy of (mostly Orthodox) Christian powers and their "fifth column" allies within the Empire. This leads to grim consequences...

• The Ottomans initiate a crackdown on Christians, in particular the Greek elite that controls much of the Empire's trade and the slowly emerging business strata. All these people are expropriated, stripped of all their wealth and exiled, imprisoned or, in some cases, even killed outright, their property reverting to the state. Greek Christians in particular face immense persecution regardless of their status, in stark contrast with the religious tolerance that so far marked the Ottoman Empire. Far from reforming the economy, this measure drives the Ottoman system further towards collapse - if there is any consolation, it's that the state now owns much of the economy, with which they can attempt to do what they please.

• This doesn't help at all in the war, though. Morale sinks now and even Muslim Greeks now switch sides, helping the Kingdom of Greece take over Thessalia and capturing the city of Constantinople, handing it over to the invading Greeks. Greece then attempts to cross the straits but is prevented from making too many gains by the loyalists.

• In Serbia, Prince Milos Obrenovic is officially crowned King by the Serbian national assembly. In Bosnia, Regent Husein Gradascevic, a Muslim general who led the Bosnian uprising (but isn't a zealot - he's an advocate of a multi-religious Bosnia), also attempts to find a King, but troubles prevent him from doing so...

• It is not clear what form the new state will take. There is a deep divide between Christians and Muslims (exacerbated by religious turmoil in the Ottoman Empire), as well as those identifying as Bosnians and Serbs, respectively. This culminates in an uprising on the 7th of September, with Serbs staging a coup against Gradascevic and requesting annexation into the Kingdom of Serbia - they need not do so, as the ambitious King Milos I has already prepared for this happenstance and quickly moves to incorporate Bosnia, while also moving into the isolated Ottoman South Serbia and Albania, establishing a "Greater Serbia" over the course of a few months.

• However, Austria is alarmed by the prospects of an irredentist Serbian power that is bound to align with Russia and decides to launch its intervention plans, starting by offering support to Gradascevic' Bosnian forces (who had regrouped in Bihac) before marching in its own troops to help Bosnia. In return, Russia demands that Austria respect the integrity of Serbia and, as a backup plan, begins organizing Hungarian exiles from the earlier failed revolution to instill an uprising.

• Fearing that this will become a larger, Europe-wide conflict, Prussia attempts to mediate the Austrian-Russian conflict. A conference is organized in Berlin, to take place in 1846, but there is no telling whether this 'Berlin Conference' will be successful, or whether it will finally shatter the Concert of Europe...

Africa

• Tunis, intimidated by the Two Sicilies, attempts to meet the Sicilian demands by levying harsh taxes on the conquered populace of Tripolitania. This leads to major discontent in the area - the Tunisian army manages to keep the coastline under its control but loses some control in the interior. While the King of the Two Sicilies has its demands met for a while, it's doubtful whether Tunis can keep repaying its loans indefinitely with all these troubles, and thus King Ferdinand II begins drawing up invasion plans, just in case.

• Egypt reforms its tax system quite successfully as it attempts to pass more European-style reforms. Muhammad Ali I also attempts to cultivate a textile industry based on growing of cotton in addition to building up a military industry.

• The Kingdom of Buganda also benefits from Egyptian military development as they buy some modern weaponry from Egypt as part of the cultivation of ties between these two kingdoms.

Asia

• Citing constant Punjabi raids against their territory, British colonial forces begin encroaching on Punjabi land.

• The British and Chinese empires make peace. Britain receives the actual Hong Kong and also has Korea become independent - although the Korean kingdom quickly finds that it is little more than a British protectorate, with limited actual independence. The Qing can keep the rest of their territories, but economic concessions - the Qing must open up all their ports to European traders, with British ones receiving particularly favorable conditions, and obviously the ban on the opium trade is also lifted.

• The New Munster gold rush winds down as most easily claimed gold has been exhausted. Nonetheless, the gold rush had brought a respectable number of settlers to New Munster - not just British ones, but also foreigners, including a sizable number of Spaniards who are fleeing the poor economy of their homeland.

America

• With their commitment in the Qing Empire being freed up, the British take a harder stance on New Granada. They land troops and settlers in Guyana Essequibo and begin kicking out Grenadine settlers.

• However, they also encroach on Brazilian claimed territory. Worried about British imperialism in the region as a result, Brazil - which had so far remained neutral - considers allying with New Granada, including negotiating the lands they both claim.

• Vincento Filisola manages to overthrow the Mexican government, which has been demoralized by the defeats against Texas and gives in with only light resistance. Filisola establishes a military junta whose first task is to sign a ceasefire with the Texan rebels (who take all the land they have claimed in the process). An official peace treaty looks ready to be signed soon.

• With the death of Joseph Smith, the Mormons become demoralized as well and their Republic is quickly destroyed by the Mexicans, who can now concentrate on that one enemy. Not that the Mormons themselves give in - passive (and in places, active) resistance continues.

• To the north, the situation in Oregon worsens as violence between the pro- and anti-British camps erupts. This is used by the USA for its own ends...

• President James Cass, an expansionistic Democrat who had won the 1844 elections, decides to give out the slogan: "Fifty-Four Forty or Fight!" He accelerates the sending of settlers into the disputed territory and prepares for a full-scale occupation. He does so encouraged by the fact that with the ongoing (at the time) British conflict in China, and also its troubles in South America, Britain is likely to give in - plus also appealing to popular sentiment which is extremely pro-Manifest Destiny at the moment. By the end of 1845, an American administration has firmly been established in much of the disputed territory.

• Chile begins to expand into the sparsely inhabited parts of Patagonia with the aid of local Mapuche tribes.

1846

Europe

• Even till today, historians argue about the cause of the revolutions of 1846, and the reason why they failed. Many bring up that the Ottoman empire was falling apart and people (Serbians, Greeks) took their own fate into their own hands. This should have inspired the peoples of the Austrian empire to rise up, but also the Germans themselves rising up. Other argue that the causes go much deeper. The concert of Europe was already failing when the Southern Netherlands got divided and when the Orleanists took power in France. With the rapid industrialisation of Europe the fundamental way of life and thinking was changing. Overall, a lot happend in Europe that year.

• It started in January, when local Serbs in southern Hungary rose up to join their brethern in the south. This protest was quickly put down but ignited a fuse among other minorites in Austria.

• Seeing Austria in trouble, German partisans in Saxony, Prague, Bavaria and other countries rose up in a call for a united Germany. With Austria absent many looked to Prussia. In a first move Prussia annexed several minor Germany states in which Pan-German rebels had taken power. Many were hopeful, however Austria, having sorted out it's troubles kept Prussia down...

• In Antwerp, pro Dutch rebels took power. Britain, busy with stuff elsewhere, silently gave the Netherlands permission to annex Flanders. They did not want get involded in continental business anyway. They have stuff to do elsewhere.

• In Russia, many protesters were shot by the army. Especially in Poland stuff got really dirty. However the 2nd Polish uprising lasted only several months. it did however once again triggered an exodus of Polish people to the Americas.

• Greeks in the Ottoman empire rise up, again. Triggering a final Greek invasion.

• The Two Sicilies, remaining pretty calm, takes it's chance and invades Cyprus. The Ottomans are of course unable to protest. King Ferdinand is happy his army is so competent and capable of invading enemies.

• Liberal France also remains pretty quite.

• In Ireland, many rise up against British rule. These protests are getting quite bloody as well. Many Irish leave for a new life in New Munster, Australia, Argentina, Texas, USA, Oregon.

• In the heat, the Berlin conference starts. While focussing only on the Balkan entire Europe watches closely. Decisions could effect the future of Europe...!

However, Russia quickly goes mad against Prussia, accusing them of funding Polish rebels. Austria moves into Bosnia. The Berlin conference is a disaster. If Europe internally wasnt so messy, there surely would have been war.

• The Bosniaks requested Austrian assitance and as said earlier got it. Austria was happy to provide this help, in return for some... eh 'deals'. Peace with Serbia was enforced through too. Russia was inable to act beacue of the Polish rebellion.

• The Ottoman empire collapses utterly in November. Syria becomes independent. Greece occupies the coast. The sultan is killed. Negotiations start next year. The Turkish soul cries... (This does not mean Greece will get the coast. They are just occupying to make sure the Ottomans stay calm and defeated.)

Africa

• Tunis nervously remains in a status quo. They pay some money to the Two Sicilies, tough not enough. Everybody in Tunis is talking about the quick invasion of Cyprus by King Ferdinand's army.

Americas

• A French Filibuster goes loose and declares the 'Empire of Patagonia'. No-one really recognizes him. Empereur Joseph I is however a jew. He declares his kingdom a safe haven for Jews. Combine this with the events in Europe conciousness of Jews may be rising.

• Argentina, just like Chile, moves into Patagonia too.

• Many Poles move into Texas.

• Many Americans move into Oregon clashing even more with the British. Totally not intended by the Americans ofcourse . Banners saying '54 40 or or Fight' are spread troughtout the entire USA.

• Texas agrees to a more permanent cease fire with Mexico. However this means no peace. (OOC: I am working to; America goes into a guerilla war with the British. Texas decides to remain independent because of cultural differences and their closer relation with the UK, while the USA is spreading heavy anti-UK propaganda) Negoiating is difficult since both sides are not really wanting to give in, but both cant really continue the war either.

• Mexico creates some extra territories in an attempt to marginalise the Mormons. They are allowed to stay. However many still leave for the republic of Central America, which is happy to give crazy Christian sects filled with white Europeans a new home.

• In their place many regular Europeans and Mexicans form the south move into northern Mexico.

• Gran Colombia shows off its balls to the British and invades Haiti, which recently became unstable after the violent death of the king/emperor/president (nobody really knew what his offcial title was). Many Spanish speakers in the east requested Colombian help.

• The island, united and renamed to Santo Domingo, becomes the third member of Gran Colombia. This time, the Spanish mestizos dominate the black French instead of the other way around.

• Because both parties were distracted elsewhere, Essequibo remains pretty quite this year.

• Rio Grande Do Sul renames itself to Catherinia, after the northern province. They wanted a more geographical neutral name. Many disappointed German nationalists settle here.

Asia and Oceania

• The British continue moving into Punjab, capturing the capital in november.

• New Munster constructs a new capital, Trafalgar (OTL Christ's chruch) to accomodate all the people who came during the first gold rush. Many farmers also find their way.

• China recovers from the Opium war, and heavily censors any news from Europe involving peasants from rising up agaisnt their Emperor.

1847

Europe and Middle East

• Ottoman Empire has give coastal areas for Greece. Syria become independent but close ally of Egypt.

• Soon after peace Kurds rise rebel in Ottoman Empire, Persia and Syria. Persians put down Kurdish rebellion soon, Syria gain more autonomy for Kurds but rebellion continues still in Ottoman Empire.

• Brits put down most Irish resistant but there is still bit resistance. And Irish nationalist form terrorist group Irish Brotherhood, which cause much problems for Brits on future.

• In Berlin Prussia, Saxony and other Northern German duchies decide form Northern German Union. Hannover anyway decide stay out.

• Austria gives more autonomy for Hungary and Venice on their internal issues.

Africa

• Situation in Tunis is still restless.

• King of Buganda reads Quran and he decide convert to Islam.

Americas

• Multiple Jews from Europe decide move to Patagonia. Emperor of Patagonia declare Hebrew as official language of the country. Argentina and Chile continue attack to Patagonia.

• Situation in Oregon is still restless, but Brits and Americans don't want start war and they try solve situation peacefully.

• Wisconsin become state.

• Congress of USA decide to create Indian Territory where they decide delocate all Natives of USA.

• In many Texan cities is bad riots between pro-Brits and pro-Americans.

• Empress of Brazil gives birth healthy heir to throne. He gets as name Pedro.

Asia and Oceania

• Sikh Empire collapse to hand of Brits.

1848

Europe and the Middle East

• Both Bavaria and Austria are apprehensive of the North German Union; Austrians in particular believe that its formation is a long-run attempt to undermine the power of the German Confederation and to weaken Austria altogether.

• In February, with the sultan killed and no successor chosen, some liberal monarchists rebelled against the unstructured Ottoman government. They were led by Omar Latas Pasha, who was initially pro-Ottoman in the first Ottoman Civil War but after the loss of Lebanon, a region which he governed, and the inability of the government to reform to the Empire's needs, he became strongly anti-Ottoman. Around the city of Adana, Omar Pasha and his supporters founded the Turkish Sultanate, a more nationalist state inspired by, not against, the Balkan revolutions. Omar Pasha believed that a nationalist state was the only thing that could maintain Turkish sovereignty, which, after the loss of Constantinople and the Anatolian West Coast, was thought to have been in jeopardy. After having captured some territory from the Ottoman government (now temporarily run by the Janissaries), Omar Pasha's supporters have declared him Turkish Sultan.

• Meanwhile, the "Second Ottoman Civil War" turns into a free-for-all as the Kurdish rebels are thrown into the mix, who attack both sides. The Turkish Sultanate has had fewer casualties from the Kurds.

Africa

• This is a bad year for Tunisia because the country goes bankrupt [1]. Angered by the failure of the government to repay, the Two (Three?) Sicilies invade and occupy the city of Tunis. The French, who had also lent financial support to the Tunisians, take part late in the year. So far, no agreement has been reached, and no annexation has yet occurred.

• Tunisian rebels in the south gain some ground.

• Egypt sees an opportunity to expand and modernize by possibly forming close ties with the Two Sicilies or France.

• Abyssinia expands its influence into the Horn of Africa, vassalizing nearby peoples. Perhaps this is a reaction to Egypt's surge of power...

East Asia and the Pacific

• Europeans are closer to forcing Japan to open up.

Americas

• In the 1848 United States Presidential Election, incumbent James Cass with running mate William Butler runs against Whig candidate Winfield Scott with running mate William Graham. While Cass was still vehemently supportive of the annexation of Oregon to 54° 40', he was silent on slavery, an issue which Winfield Scott was strongly against. Thus, Cass acquired support from an odd coalition of expansionist Northern Democrats and pro-slavery Southern Democrats. Cass won the 1848 election with 66% of the votes, making this his second term.

• The issue of slavery is even more of a concern. Pro-slavery proponents anticipate that, upon its likely acquisition, the whole of Oregon will prohibit slavery. With no acquisitions from Mexico, pro-slavery proponents strongly support the annexation of Texas.

• Speaking of Texas, the unregulated western borders see a frequent exchange of hunters and settlers between nations.

• With the second election of Cass, expansion northward into Oregon will not likely stop.

• This year sees the creation of the Iowa Territory and Minnesota Territory.

• Some Anatolian Jews manage to flee to Patagonia, which has yet to gain international recognition.

1849

Europe and the Middle East

• Greece creates new laws that, while they go on and on about Ancient democracy, classical Greece, and the glory of Constantinople, really boil down to one thing: Genocide of Muslims. In Europe, thousands are deported back to Turkish Anatolia, even some Greek Muslims. The government hopes that in a few years there will be no Turks left in Europe. The Serbs and Bulgarians begin similar programs, though not nearly as harsh.

• All of this has caused Greece's control of Western Anatolia to falter. Turkish revolutionaries have seized control of some of Greece Anatolia, declaring themselves for Sultan Omar Pasha. The straits are kept under Greek control, and there is a large amount of population exchange, with Turks flooding out and Anatolian Greeks flooding in.

• Omar Pasha has a great year, taking most of Southern Anatolia. All the momentum is going his way as the Jannaisaries' inefficient system collapses in on itself. This has a lot to do with the fact that he's left the Kurds mostly alone and vice-versa. Obviously, he has a bit of a vendetta against the Greeks.

• The concert of Europe is without a doubt broken. Between Russian aggression, North German ambitions, Ottoman failures and all sorts of other factors, the balance of power is shifting dramatically. Many revolutionaries are starting to see opportunity in this, however....

Americas

• Texas is annexed into the Union after a vote by the Texan and American Congress. It's borders may be adjusted, but for now it makes a strong slave state that can counter northern ventures. Most in Texas and America are pleased with this result, although a small amount of of Anglophiles are upset. Some move further west, into the melting pot that is California....

• California is an interesting place. The two regions mostly consist of Mormon peoples, who have settled all along the coast. This group is rebellious, and although once defeated, could be moved to another revolt the Mexican government would have a hard time repressing. There are also a great amount of Anglo settlers who were either displaced from Oregon/Texas or moved specifically to California. The second largest group of people are those who do not identify as Mormon but who are also American, part of the great migration west. Finally, as small fraction of the population is actually Mexican, although this group is not increasing much in number due to wars to the south.

The Mexican government, however, likes to think that the Mexican population has a plurality, and acts as such. Many Mormon-American-Anglo Californians are feeling oppressed and are ready to follow the example of Texas.

• The Oregon territory is almost completely filled with Americans. The British are ready to meet and agree to Americans acquisition of most of the territory, which President Cass is all too eager to accept. Many believe it will involve a sort of purchase.

• Yet more Jews head to Patagonia, but the immigration seems to have reached its peak. The government still does not have recognition.

• The British Army starts to defend their settlers, as the Columbian army does the same. Shooting has begun in odd incidents, though there is no war declared.

Africa

• Two Sicilies has occupied most of Tunisia now, and are ready to enforce their demands. Ambassadors of France, Two Sicilies and Tunisia are to meet in Tunis in March.

• Buganda starts to expand its own influence on neighboring states and reform in the "Egyptian model". Meanwhile, the Egyptians are trying to reform in the European model.

East Asia and Oceania

• In China, news starts filtering in about peasants rising up against their masters. this can only end badly for the aristocracy.

Centuries:	19th century - 20th century
Decades:	1810s 1820s 1830s – 1840s – 1850s 1860s 1870s