Proto-Araqish is protolanguage spoken in Eastern Originalia. It is divided on six main regional dialects, separated from each other by geographical and cultural conditions.
Most distinctive features
| Middle Proto-Araqish
|
Northern
|
Center
|
Southern
|
| Western
|
Eastern
|
Northern
|
Southern
|
Western
|
Eastern
|
| Phonology
|
| ʈ ʈʰ ɖʰ ʂ
|
t tʰ dʰ s
|
ʈ ʈʰ ɖʰ ʂ
|
t tʰ d s
|
ʈ ʈʰ ɖ ʂ
|
k kʰ gʰ x
|
tˠ tʰˠ dʰˠ sˠ
|
| t̪ t̪ʰ d̪ʰ s̪
|
θ θʰ θʰ h
|
t̪ t̪ʰ d̪ʰ s̪
|
t tʰ d s
|
t̪ t̪ʰ d̪ s̪
|
t̪ t̪ʰ d̪ʰ s̪
|
t tʰ dʰ s
|
| ɾ~ɽ~l~ɭ
|
ɾ l
|
ɾ ɽ l ɭ
|
r l
|
r~ɽ l~ɭ
|
ɺ
|
ɾ
|
| a aː
|
ä äː
|
ɛ ɛː
|
a aː
|
a aː
|
a aː
|
ɛ ɛː
|
| ɑ ɑː
|
ä äː
|
ä äː
|
ɔ ɔː
|
ɑ ɑː
|
ɔ ɔː
|
ɑ ɑː
|
| h
|
ø
|
h
|
ø
|
ø
|
ø
|
h
|
| k
|
k
|
k
|
k
|
c
|
c
|
c
|
| q
|
q
|
ʔ
|
q
|
k
|
k
|
k
|
| pʰ t̪ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ
|
pʰ tʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ
|
pʰ t̪ʰ ʈʰ kʰ qʰ
|
pʰ tʰ tʰ kʰ qʰ
|
pʰ t̪ʰ ʈʰ cʰ kʰ
|
pʰ t̪ʰ kʰ cʰ kʰ
|
pʰ tʰ tʰˠ cʰ kʰ
|
| bʰ d̪ʰ ɖʰ gʰ ɢʰ
|
bʰ dʰ dʰ gʰ ɢʰ
|
bʰ d̪ʰ ɖʰ gʰ ɢʰ
|
b d d g ɢ
|
b d̪ ɖ ɟ g
|
bʰ d̪ʰ gʰ ɟʰ gʰ
|
bʰ dʰ dˠʰ ɟʰ gʰ
|
| t̪j t̪ʰj d̪ʰj
|
t͡s t͡sʰ d͡zʰ
|
t̪͡s t̪͡sʰ d̪͡zʰ
|
tj tʰj dj
|
tj tʰj dj
|
t̪j t̪ʰj d̪ʰj
|
tj tʰj dʰj
|
| ʈj ʈʰj ɖʰj
|
t͡s t͡sʰ d͡zʰ
|
ʈ͡ʂ ʈ͡ʂʰ ɖ͡ʐʰ
|
tj tʰj dj
|
ʈj ʈʰj ɖj
|
kj kʰj gʰj
|
tˠj tʰˠj dʰˠj
|
| kj kʰj gʰj
|
t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ d͡ʒʰ
|
t͡ʃ t͡ʃʰ d͡ʒʰ
|
kj kʰj gj
|
kj kʰj gj
|
kj kʰj gʰj
|
kj kʰj gʰj
|
| P + Bʰ
|
BBʰ
|
BʰBʰ
|
BB
|
BB
|
BBʰ
|
BʰBʰ
|
| Pʰ + Bʰ
|
BBʰ
|
BʰBʰ
|
BB
|
BB
|
BBʰ
|
BʰBʰ
|
| Bʰ + P
|
PPʰ
|
PʰPʰ
|
PPʰ
|
PP
|
BBʰ
|
PPʰ
|
| Bʰ + Pʰ
|
PPʰ
|
PʰPʰ
|
PPʰ
|
PʰPʰ
|
BBʰ
|
PʰPʰ
|
| Morphology
|
| split-active alignment
|
split-active alignment
|
split-active alignment
|
split-active alignment
|
ergative-accusative alignment
|
ergative-accusative alignment
|
ergative-accusative alignment
|
| secundative ditransitive alignment
|
secundative ditransitive alignment
|
secundative ditransitive alignment
|
secundative ditransitive alignment
|
three-way patient
|
indirective ditransitive alignment
|
indirective ditransitive alignment
|
| 8 cases
|
8 cases
|
various new cases
|
various new cases
|
few new cases
|
cases reduction
|
various new cases
|
Comparative wordlist
| Middle Proto-Araqish
|
Northern
|
Center
|
Southern
|
| Western
|
Eastern
|
Northern
|
Southern
|
Western
|
Eastern
|
| xáṣva [hɑːʂʋɑ]
|
sea
|
[äːsʋä]
|
[häːʂʋä]
|
[ɔːsʋɔ]
|
[ɑːʂʋɑ]
|
[ɔːxʋɔ]
|
[hɑːsˠʋɑ]
|
| qêm [qɛːm]
|
earth, land
|
[qɛːm]
|
[ʔɛːm]
|
[qɛːm]
|
[kɛːm]
|
[kɛːm]
|
[kɛːm]
|
| qanq [qɑɴq]
|
stone
|
[qäɴq]
|
[ʔäŋʔ]
|
[qɔɴq]
|
[kɑŋk]
|
[kɔŋk]
|
[kɑŋk]
|
| règ [ɾɛgʰ]
|
wolf
|
[ɾɛgʰ]
|
[ɾɛgʰ]
|
[rɛg]
|
[rɛɟ]
|
[rɛɟʰ]
|
[ɾɛɟʰ]
|
| áran [ɑːɾɑn]
|
lake
|
[äːɾän]
|
[äːɾän]
|
[ɔːrɔn]
|
[ɑːrɑn]
|
[ɔːɺɔn]
|
[ɑːɾɑn]
|
| goṣ [gʰoʂ]
|
coast, bank, edge
|
[gʰos]
|
[gʰoʂ]
|
[gos]
|
[ɟoʂ]
|
[ɟʰox]
|
[ɟʰosˠ]
|
| samar [sɑmɑl]
|
green
|
[hämäl]
|
[sämäl]
|
[sɔmɔl]
|
[sɑmɑl]
|
[sɔmɔl]
|
[sɑmɑɾ]
|
| tap [tɑp]
|
hill
|
[θäp]
|
[täp]
|
[tɔp]
|
[tɑp]
|
[tɔp]
|
[tɑp]
|
| xvaq [hʋɑq]
|
horse
|
[ʋäq]
|
[hʋäʔ]
|
[ʋɔq]
|
[ʋɑq]
|
[ʋɔk]
|
[hʋɑk]
|
| hvôr [hʋɔːl]
|
sun
|
[ʋɔːl]
|
[hʋɔːl]
|
[ʋɔːl]
|
[ʋɔːl]
|
[ʋɔːl]
|
[hʋɔːɾ]
|
| deṇsu [dʰeŋsu]
|
sky
|
[ðʰeŋsu]
|
[dʰensu]
|
[deŋsu]
|
[deɲsu]
|
[dʰeɲsu]
|
[dʰeŋsu]
|
| khorot [kʰoɾot]
|
moon
|
[kʰoɾoθ]
|
[kʰoɾot]
|
[kʰorot]
|
[cʰorot]
|
[cʰoɺot]
|
[cʰoɾot]
|
| mat [mɑt]
|
time
|
[mäθ]
|
[mät]
|
[mɔt]
|
[mɑt]
|
[mɔt]
|
[mɑt]
|
| ryôn [ɾjɔːn]
|
night
|
[ɾ̝ɔːn]
|
[ɾ̝ɔːn]
|
[rjɔːn]
|
[rjɔːn]
|
[rjɔːn]
|
[ɾjɔːn]
|
| ġab [ɢʰɑbʰ]
|
big, great
|
[ɢʰäbʰ]
|
[ɢʰäbʰ]
|
[ɢɔb]
|
[gɑb]
|
[gʰɔbʰ]
|
[gʰɑbʰ]
|
| dôm [dʰɔːm]
|
thunder
|
[ðʰɔːm]
|
[dʰɔːm]
|
[dɔːm]
|
[dɔːm]
|
[dʰɔːm]
|
[dʰɔːm]
|
| qúq [quːq]
|
milk
|
[quːq]
|
[ʔuːʔ]
|
[quːq]
|
[kuːk]
|
[kuːk]
|
[kuːk]
|
| dyǽr [dʰjaːl]
|
mountain
|
[d͡zʰäːl]
|
[d͡zʰɛːl]
|
[djaːl]
|
[djaːl]
|
[djaːɺ]
|
[djɛːɾ]
|
| eṣa [eʂɑ]
|
light
|
[esä]
|
[eʂä]
|
[esɔ]
|
[eʂɑ]
|
[exɔ]
|
[esˠɑ]
|
| yúv [juːʋ]
|
water
|
[juːʋ]
|
[juːʋ]
|
[juːʋ]
|
[juːʋ]
|
[juːʋ]
|
[juːʋ]
|
| ṭand [ʈɑndʰ]
|
source, spring
|
[tänð]
|
[ʈändʰ]
|
[tɔnd]
|
[ʈɑnd]
|
[kɔndʰ]
|
[tˠɑndʰ]
|
| min [min]
|
man
|
[min]
|
[min]
|
[min]
|
[min]
|
[min]
|
[min]
|
| tǽt [taːt]
|
good
|
[θäːθ]
|
[tɛːt]
|
[taːt]
|
[taːt]
|
[taːt]
|
[tɛːt]
|
| òr [ɔl]
|
one
|
[ɔl]
|
[ɔl]
|
[ɔl]
|
[ɔl]
|
[ɔɺ]
|
[ɔɾ]
|
| ḍaxá [ɖʰɑhɑː]
|
two
|
[däˈäː]
|
[ɖʰähäː]
|
[dɔˈɔː]
|
[dɑˈɑː]
|
[gɔˈɔː]
|
[dˠʰɑhɑː]
|
| taryú [tɑljuː]
|
three
|
[θäʎuː]
|
[täʎuː]
|
[tɔljuː]
|
[tɑljuː]
|
[tɔɺjuː]
|
[tɑɾjuː]
|
| ambuqi [ɑmbʰuqi]
|
four
|
[ämbʰuqi]
|
[ämbʰuʔi]
|
[ɔmbuqi]
|
[ɑmbuki]
|
[ɔmbʰuki]
|
[ɑmbʰuki]
|
| khadru [kʰɑdʰɾu]
|
five
|
[kʰäðʰɾu]
|
[kʰädʰɾu]
|
[kʰɔdru]
|
[kʰɑdru]
|
[kʰɔdʰɺu]
|
[cʰɑdʰɾu]
|
| khaṣḍu [kʰɑʂɖʰu]
|
six
|
[kʰäʒdʰu]
|
[kʰäʐɖʰu]
|
[kʰɔzdu]
|
[kʰɑʐɖu]
|
[kʰɔɣgʰu]
|
[cʰɑsˠdˠʰu]
|
| tôqtu [tɔːqtu]
|
seven
|
[θɔːqθu]
|
[tɔːʔtu]
|
[tɔːqtu]
|
[tɔːktu]
|
[tɔːktu]
|
[tɔːktu]
|
| kyáskhu [kjɑːskʰu]
|
eight
|
[t͡ʃäːskʰu]
|
[t͡ʃäːskʰu]
|
[kjɔːskʰu]
|
[cjɑːscʰu]
|
[cjɔːscʰu]
|
[cjɑːscʰu]
|
| davsu [dʰɑʋsu]
|
nine
|
[ðʰäʋsu]
|
[dʰäʋsu]
|
[dɔʋsu]
|
[dɑʋsu]
|
[dʰɔʋsu]
|
[dʰɑʋsu]
|
| máthu [mɑːtʰu]
|
ten
|
[mäθʰu]
|
[mäːtʰu]
|
[mɔːtʰu]
|
[mɑːtʰu]
|
[mɔːtʰu]
|
[mɑːtʰu]
|
| ḍaxmáthu [ɖʰɑhmɑːtʰu]
|
twenty
|
[dʰäːmäːθʰu]
|
[ɖʰähmäːtʰu]
|
[dɔːmɔːtʰu]
|
[ɖɑːmɑːtʰu]
|
[gʰɔːmɔːtʰu]
|
[ɖʰɑhmɑːtʰu]
|
| mamêth [mɑmɛːtʰ]
|
(one) hundred
|
[mämɛːθʰ]
|
[mämɛːtʰ]
|
[mɔmɛːtʰ]
|
[mɑmɛːtʰ]
|
[mɔmɛːtʰ]
|
[mɑmɛːtʰ]
|
| varmêth [ʋɑlmɛːtʰ]
|
(one) thousand
|
[ʋälmɛːθʰ]
|
[ʋälmɛːtʰ]
|
[ʋɔlmɛːtʰ]
|
[ʋɑlmɛːtʰ]
|
[ʋɔlmɛːtʰ]
|
[ʋɑɾmɛːtʰ]
|
| meṣṭe [meʂʈe]
|
cat
|
[meste]
|
[meʂʈe]
|
[meste]
|
[meʂʈe]
|
[mexke]
|
[mesˠtˠe]
|
| xôg [hɔːgʰ]
|
fire
|
[ɔːgʰ]
|
[hɔːgʰ]
|
[ɔːg]
|
[ɔːɟ]
|
[ɔːɟʰ]
|
[hɔːɟʰ]
|
| dumb [dʰumbʰ]
|
tree
|
[ðʰumbʰ]
|
[dʰumbʰ]
|
[dumb]
|
[dumb]
|
[dʰumbʰ]
|
[dʰumbʰ]
|
| bák [bʰɑːk]
|
cow
|
[bʰäːk]
|
[bʰäk]
|
[bɔːk]
|
[bɑːc]
|
[bʰɔːc]
|
[bʰɑːc]
|
| agô [ɑgʰɔː]
|
brother
|
[ägʰɔː]
|
[ägʰɔː]
|
[ɔgɔː]
|
[ɑɟɔː]
|
[ɔɟʰɔː]
|
[ɑɟʰɔː]
|
| súg [suːgʰ]
|
dog
|
[suːgʰ]
|
[suːgʰ]
|
[suːg]
|
[suːɟ]
|
[suːɟʰ]
|
[suːɟʰ]
|
| na [nɑ]
|
I
|
[nä]
|
[nä]
|
[nɔ]
|
[nɑ]
|
[nɔ]
|
[nɑ]
|
| khú [kʰuː]
|
thou here
|
[kʰuː]
|
[kʰuː]
|
[kʰuː]
|
[cʰuː]
|
[cʰuː]
|
[cʰuː]
|
| ṭú [ʈuː]
|
thou there
|
[tuː]
|
[ʈuː]
|
[tuː]
|
[ʈuː]
|
[kuː]
|
[tˠuː]
|
| óm [oːm]
|
he / she / it here
|
[oːm]
|
[oːm]
|
[oːm]
|
[oːm]
|
[oːm]
|
[oːm]
|
| ês [ɛːʂ]
|
he / she / it there
|
[ɛːs]
|
[ɛːʂ]
|
[ɛːs]
|
[ɛːʂ]
|
[ɛːx]
|
[ɛːsˠ]
|
| ṣá [ʂɑː]
|
someone here
|
[säː]
|
[ʂäː]
|
[sɔː]
|
[ʂɑː]
|
[xɔː]
|
[sˠɑː]
|
| ġá [ɢɑː]
|
someone there
|
[ɢʰäː]
|
[ɢʰäː]
|
[ɢɔː]
|
[gɑː]
|
[gʰɔː]
|
[gʰɑː]
|
| mé [meː]
|
we
|
[meː]
|
[meː]
|
[meː]
|
[meː]
|
[meː]
|
[meː]
|
| ṇé [ŋeː]
|
you here
|
[ŋeː]
|
[ŋeː]
|
[ŋeː]
|
[ɲeː]
|
[ɲeː]
|
[ɲeː]
|
| yó [joː]
|
you there
|
[joː]
|
[joː]
|
[joː]
|
[joː]
|
[joː]
|
[joː]
|
| óma [oːmɑ]
|
he / she / it here
|
[oːmä]
|
[oːmä]
|
[oːmɔ]
|
[oːmɑ]
|
[oːmɔ]
|
[oːmɑ]
|
| êsa [ɛːsɑ]
|
he / she / it there
|
[ɛːhä]
|
[ɛːsä]
|
[ɛːsɔ]
|
[ɛːsɑ]
|
[ɛːsɔ]
|
[ɛːsɑ]
|
| mód [moːdʰ]
|
house
|
[moːðʰ]
|
[moːdʰ]
|
[moːd]
|
[moːd]
|
[moːdʰ]
|
[moːdʰ]
|
| bábá [bʰɑːbʰɑː]
|
war
|
[bʰäːbʰäː]
|
[bʰäːbʰäː]
|
[bɔːbɔː]
|
[bɑːbɑː]
|
[bʰɔːbʰɔː]
|
[bʰɑːbʰɑː]
|
| qún [quːn]
|
fate
|
[quːn]
|
[ʔuːn]
|
[quːn]
|
[kuːn]
|
[kuːn]
|
[kuːn]
|
| phyos [pʰjos]
|
wise
|
[pʰjos]
|
[pʰjos]
|
[pʰjos]
|
[pʰjos]
|
[pʰjos]
|
[pʰjos]
|
| ala [ɑɾɑ]
|
eye
|
[äɾä]
|
[äɾä]
|
[ɔrɔ]
|
[ɑrɑ]
|
[ɔɺɔ]
|
[ɑɾɑ]
|
| gint [gʰint]
|
hand
|
[gʰint]
|
[gʰint]
|
[gint]
|
[ɟint]
|
[ɟʰint]
|
[ɟʰint]
|
| ġór [ɢʰoːl]
|
round, globular object
|
[ɢʰoːl]
|
[ɢʰoːl]
|
[ɢoːl]
|
[goːl]
|
[gʰoːɺ]
|
[gʰoːɾ]
|
| ġáná [ɢʰɑːnɑː]
|
family, lineage
|
[ɢʰäːnäː]
|
[ɢʰäːnäː]
|
[ɢɔːnɔː]
|
[gɑːnɑː]
|
[gʰɔːnɔː]
|
[gʰɑːnɑː]
|
| thǽd [tʰaːdʰ]
|
tooth
|
[θʰäːðʰ]
|
[tʰɛːdʰ]
|
[tʰaːd]
|
[tʰaːd]
|
[tʰaːdʰ]
|
[tʰɛːdʰ]
|
| mvar [mʋɑl]
|
hair, fur
|
[mʋäl]
|
[mʋäl]
|
[mʋɔl]
|
[mʋɑl]
|
[mʋɔɺ]
|
[mʋɑɾ]
|
| qubma [qubʰmɑ]
|
fall
|
[qubʰmä]
|
[ʔubʰmä]
|
[qubmɔ]
|
[kubmɑ]
|
[kuːbʰmɔ]
|
[kuːbʰmɑ]
|
| iṣpê [iʂpɛː]
|
speech
|
[ispɛː]
|
[iʂpɛː]
|
[ispɛː]
|
[iʂpɛː]
|
[ixpɛː]
|
[isˠpɛː]
|
| bákep [bʰɑːkep]
|
hammer
|
[bʰäːkep]
|
[bʰäːkep]
|
[bɔkep]
|
[bʰɑːcep]
|
[bʰɔːcep]
|
[bʰɑːcep]
|
| báktan [bʰɑktɑn]
|
cowman
|
[bʰäkθän]
|
[bʰäktän]
|
[bɔktɔn]
|
[bɑktɑn]
|
[bʰɔctɔn]
|
[bʰɑctɑn]
|
| púrú [puːɾuː]
|
meal
|
[puːɾuː]
|
[puːɾuː]
|
[puːruː]
|
[puːruː]
|
[puːɺuː]
|
[puːɾuː]
|
| môvthǽdas [mɔːʋtʰaːdʰɑs]
|
toothless
|
[mɔːʋθʰäːðʰäh]
|
[mɔːʋtʰɛːdʰäs]
|
[mɔːʋtʰaːdɔs]
|
[mɔːʋtʰaːdɑs]
|
[mɔːʋtʰaːdʰɔs]
|
[mɔːʋtʰɛːdʰɑs]
|
| bônd [bʰɔːndʰ]
|
strong
|
[bʰɔːndʰ]
|
[bʰɔːnðʰ]
|
[bɔːnd]
|
[bɔːnd]
|
[bʰɔːndʰ]
|
[bʰɔːndʰ]
|
| gonder [gʰondʰel]
|
slaughterhouse
|
[gʰonðʰel]
|
[gʰondʰel]
|
[gondel]
|
[ɟondel]
|
[ɟʰondʰeɺ]
|
[ɟʰondʰeɾ]
|
| xôgder [hɔːgʰdʰel]
|
campfire
|
[ɔːgʰðʰel]
|
[hɔːgʰdʰel]
|
[ɔːgdel]
|
[ɔːɟdel]
|
[ɔːɟʰdʰel]
|
[hɔːɟʰdʰeɾ]
|
| agônæn [ɑgʰɔːnan]
|
brotherhood
|
[ägʰɔːnän]
|
[ägʰɔːnɛn]
|
[ɔgɔːnan]
|
[ɑɟɔːnan]
|
[ɔɟʰɔːnan]
|
[ɑɟʰɔːnɛn]
|
| mǽdtan [maːdʰtɑn]
|
teacher
|
[mäːθθʰän]
|
[mɛːtʰtʰän]
|
[maːddɔn]
|
[maːddɑn]
|
[maːddʰɔn]
|
[mɛːttʰɑn]
|
| mǽdmi [maːdʰmi]
|
learner
|
[mäːdʰmi]
|
[mɛːdʰmi]
|
[maːdmi]
|
[maːdmi]
|
[maːdʰmi]
|
[mɛːdʰmi]
|
| súgtyap [suːgʰtjɑp]
|
half-dog
|
[huːkt͡sʰäp]
|
[suːkʰt͡sʰäp]
|
[suːktʰjɔp]
|
[suːctjɑp]
|
[suːɟdʰjɔp]
|
[suːɟʰtjɑp]
|
| bábákant [bʰɑːbʰɑːkɑnt]
|
craft of war
|
[bʰäːbʰäːkänθ]
|
[bʰäbʰäːkänt]
|
[bɔːbɔːkɔnt]
|
[bɑːbɑːcɑnt]
|
[bʰɔːbʰɔːcɔnt]
|
[bʰɑːbʰɑːcɑnt]
|
| púrúvík [puːɾuːʋik]
|
bread
|
[puːɾuːʋiːk]
|
[puːɾuːʋiːk]
|
[puːruːʋiːk]
|
[puːruːʋiːc]
|
[puːɺuːʋiːc]
|
[puːɾuːʋiːc]
|
| dyǽrdá [dʰjaːldʰɑː]
|
grand mountain
|
[d͡zʰäːldʰäː]
|
[d͡zʰɛːldʰäː]
|
[djaːldɔː]
|
[djaːldɑː]
|
[dʰjaːɺdʰɔː]
|
[dʰjɛːɾdʰɑː]
|
| kháṣá [kʰɑːʂɑː]
|
daughter
|
[kʰäːsäː]
|
[kʰäːʂäː]
|
[kʰɔːsɔː]
|
[cʰɑːʂɑː]
|
[cʰɔːxɔː]
|
[cʰɑːsˠɑː]
|
| ṣvǽrnæn [ʂʋaːlnan]
|
star
|
[sʋäːlnän]
|
[ʂʋäːlnɛn]
|
[sʋaːlnan]
|
[ʂʋaːlnan]
|
[xʋaːɺnan]
|
[sˠʋɛːɾnɛn]
|
| ṣvǽr [ʂʋaːl]
|
gold
|
[sʋäːl]
|
[ʂʋäːl]
|
[sʋaːl]
|
[ʂʋaːl]
|
[xʋaːl]
|
[sˠʋɛːɾ]
|
| khèdín [kʰɛdʰiːn]
|
copper
|
[kʰɛdʰiːn]
|
[kʰɛdʰiːn]
|
[kʰɛdiːn]
|
[cʰɛdiːn]
|
[cʰɛdʰiːn]
|
[cʰɛdʰiːn]
|
| keṇk [keŋk]
|
wheel
|
[keŋk]
|
[keŋk]
|
[keŋk]
|
[ceɲc]
|
[ceɲc]
|
[ceɲc]
|
| phôr [pʰɔːl]
|
front
|
[pʰɔːl]
|
[pʰɔːl]
|
[pʰɔːl]
|
[pʰɔːl]
|
[pʰɔːɺ]
|
[pʰɔːɾ]
|
| byǽs [bʰjaːs]
|
side of body
|
[bʰjäːh]
|
[bʰjɛːs]
|
[bjaːs]
|
[bjaːs]
|
[bʰjaːs]
|
[bʰjɛːs]
|
| ġíth [ɢʰiːtʰ]
|
high
|
[ɢʰiːθʰ]
|
[ɢʰiːtʰ]
|
[ɢiːtʰ]
|
[giːtʰ]
|
[gʰiːtʰ]
|
[gʰiːtʰ]
|
| ġíthdá [ɢʰiːtʰdʰɑː]
|
deity
|
[ɢʰiːððʰäː]
|
[ɢʰiːdʰdʰäː]
|
[ɢiːddɔː]
|
[giːddɑː]
|
[gʰiːddʰɔː]
|
[gʰiːtʰtʰɑː]
|
| kuṣṭtan [kuʂʈtɑn]
|
shooter
|
[kustθän]
|
[kuʂʈtän]
|
[kusttɔn]
|
[kuʂʈtɑn]
|
[kuxktɔn]
|
[kusˠtˠtɑn]
|
| ranté [ɾɑnteː]
|
flower
|
[ɾänθeː]
|
[ɾänteː]
|
[rɔnteː]
|
[rɑnteː]
|
[ɺɔnteː]
|
[ɾɑnteː]
|
| rár [rɑːl]
|
sunshine
|
[ɾäːl]
|
[ɾäːl]
|
[rɔːl]
|
[rɑːl]
|
[ɺɔːɺ]
|
[ɾɑːɾ]
|
| xǽy [haːj]
|
warm
|
[äːj]
|
[hɛːj]
|
[aːj]
|
[aːj]
|
[aːj]
|
[hɛːj]
|
| qháp [qʰɑːp]
|
full
|
[qʰäːp]
|
[qʰäːp]
|
[qʰɔːp]
|
[kʰɑːp]
|
[kʰɔːp]
|
[kʰɑːp]
|
| ryǽṣ [ɾjaːʂ]
|
word
|
[ɾ̝äːs]
|
[ɾ̝ɛːʂ]
|
[r̝aːs]
|
[raːʂ]
|
[ɺaːx]
|
[ɾjɛːsˠ]
|
| ġvòrġ [ɢʰʋɔlɢʰ]
|
wild
|
[ɢʰʋɔlɢʰ]
|
[ɢʰʋɔlɢʰ]
|
[ɢʋɔlɢ]
|
[gʋɔlg]
|
[gʰʋɔɺg]
|
[gʰʋɔɾgʰ]
|
| kasik [kɑsik]
|
garlic
|
[kähik]
|
[käsik]
|
[kɔsik]
|
[cɑsic]
|
[cɔsic]
|
[cɑsic]
|
| mesin [mesin]
|
cherry
|
[mehin]
|
[mesin]
|
[mesin]
|
[mesin]
|
[mesin]
|
[mesin]
|
| thòqi [tʰɔqi]
|
olive
|
[θʰɔqi]
|
[tʰɔʔi]
|
[tʰɔqi]
|
[tʰɔki]
|
[tʰɔki]
|
[tʰɔki]
|
| væthǽ [ʋatʰaː]
|
cotton
|
[ʋätʰäː]
|
[ʋɛtʰɛː]
|
[ʋatʰaː]
|
[ʋatʰaː]
|
[ʋatʰaː]
|
[ʋɛtʰɛː]
|
| bís [bʰiːs]
|
bee
|
[bʰiːh]
|
[bʰiːs]
|
[biːs]
|
[biːs]
|
[bʰiːs]
|
[bʰiːs]
|
| thyèṣ [tʰjɛʂ]
|
plum
|
[t͡sʰɛs]
|
[t͡sʰɛʂ]
|
[tʰjɛs]
|
[tʰjɛʂ]
|
[tʰjɛx]
|
[tʰjɛsˠ]
|
| xèmè [hɛmɛ]
|
flax
|
[ɛmɛ]
|
[hɛmɛ]
|
[ɛmɛ]
|
[ɛmɛ]
|
[ɛmɛ]
|
[hɛmɛ]
|
| gáòn [gʰɑːˈɔn]
|
dhole
|
[gʰäːˈɔn]
|
[gʰäːˈɔn]
|
[gɔːˈɔn]
|
[ɟɑːˈɔn]
|
[ɟɔːˈɔn]
|
[ɟʰɑːˈɔn]
|
| phárs [pʰɑːls]
|
leopard
|
[pʰäːlh]
|
[pʰäːls]
|
[pʰɔls]
|
[pʰɑls]
|
[pʰɔls]
|
[pʰɔɾs]
|
| pínté [piːnteː]
|
cheetah
|
[piːnteː]
|
[piːnteː]
|
[piːnteː]
|
[piːnteː]
|
[piːnteː]
|
[piːnteː]
|
| ġárḍ [ɢʰɑːɭɖʰ]
|
lion
|
[ɢʰäːldʰ]
|
[ɢʰäɭɖʰ]
|
[ɢɔld]
|
[gɑɭɖ]
|
[gʰɔːɺgʰ]
|
[gʰɑːɽɖʰ]
|
| sǽokh [saːˈokʰ]
|
snake
|
[häːˈokʰ]
|
[sɛːˈokʰ]
|
[saːˈokʰ]
|
[saːˈocʰ]
|
[saːˈocʰ]
|
[sɛːˈocʰ]
|
| mabú [mɑbʰuː]
|
cobra
|
[mäbʰuː]
|
[mäbʰuː]
|
[mɔbuː]
|
[mɑbuː]
|
[mɔbʰuː]
|
[mɑbʰuː]
|
| xaskaṣ [hɑskɑʂ]
|
mongoose
|
[ähkäs]
|
[häskäʂ]
|
[ɔskɔs]
|
[ɑscɑʂ]
|
[ɔscɔx]
|
[hɑskɑsˠ]
|
| gephyo [gʰepʰjo]
|
fish
|
[gʰepʰjo]
|
[gʰepʰjo]
|
[gepʰjo]
|
[ɟepʰjo]
|
[ɟʰepʰjo]
|
[ɟʰepʰjo]
|
| vóyté [ʋoːjteː]
|
hyaena
|
[ʋoːjteː]
|
[ʋoːjteː]
|
[ʋoːjteː]
|
[ʋoːjteː]
|
[ʋoːjteː]
|
[ʋoːjteː]
|
| khuṭa [kʰuʈɑ]
|
civet
|
[kʰutä]
|
[kʰuʈä]
|
[kʰutɔ]
|
[cʰuʈɑ]
|
[cʰukɔ]
|
[cʰutˠɑ]
|
| phyǽy [pʰjaːj]
|
peafowl
|
[pʰjäːj]
|
[pʰjɛːj]
|
[pʰjaːj]
|
[pʰjaːj]
|
[pʰjaːj]
|
[pʰjɛːj]
|
| biḍar [bʰiɖʰɑl]
|
ibex
|
[bʰidʰäl]
|
[bʰiɖʰäl]
|
[bidɔl]
|
[bidɑl]
|
[bʰigʰɔɺ]
|
[bʰiɖʰɑɾ]
|
| gothiṣ [gʰotʰiʂ]
|
sheep
|
[gʰoθʰis]
|
[gʰotʰiʂ]
|
[gotʰis]
|
[ɟotʰiʂ]
|
[ɟʰotʰix]
|
[ɟʰotʰisˠ]
|
| qhòbá [qʰɔbʰɑː]
|
monkey
|
[qʰɔbʰäː]
|
[qʰɔbʰäː]
|
[qʰɔbɔː]
|
[kʰɔbɑː]
|
[kʰɔbʰɔː]
|
[cʰɔbʰɔː]
|
| èbên [ɛbʰɛːn]
|
elephant
|
[ɛbʰɛːn]
|
[ɛbʰɛːn]
|
[ɛbɛːn]
|
[ɛbɛːn]
|
[ɛbʰɛːn]
|
[ɛbʰɛːn]
|
| qadyís [qɑdʰjiːs]
|
caracal
|
[qäðʰjiːh]
|
[ʔädʰjiːs]
|
[qɔdjiːs]
|
[kɑdjiːs]
|
[kɔdʰjiːs]
|
[cɑdʰjiːs]
|
| khorák [kʰoɾɑːk]
|
shark
|
[kʰoɾäːk]
|
[kʰoɾäːk]
|
[kʰorɔːk]
|
[cʰorɑːc]
|
[cʰoɺɔːc]
|
[cʰoɾɑːc]
|
| myêr [mjɛːl]
|
eagle
|
[mɲɛːl]
|
[mɲɛːl]
|
[mjɛːl]
|
[mjɛːl]
|
[mjɛːɺ]
|
[mjɛːɾ]
|
| dandè [dʰɑndʰɛ]
|
oak
|
[ðʰänðʰɛ]
|
[dʰändʰɛ]
|
[dɔndɛ]
|
[dɑndɛ]
|
[dʰɔndʰɛ]
|
[dʰɑndʰɛ]
|
| khoson [kʰoson]
|
pine
|
[kʰohon]
|
[kʰoson]
|
[kʰoson]
|
[cʰoson]
|
[cʰoson]
|
[cʰoson]
|
| dathúd [dʰɑtʰuːdʰ]
|
cedar
|
[ðʰäθʰuːðʰ]
|
[dʰätʰuːdʰ]
|
[dɔtʰuːd]
|
[dɑtʰuːd]
|
[dʰɔtʰuːdʰ]
|
[dʰɑtʰuːdʰ]
|
| kaduq [kɑdʰuq]
|
head
|
[käðʰuq]
|
[kädʰuʔ]
|
[kɔduq]
|
[cɑduk]
|
[cɔdʰuk]
|
[cɑdʰuk]
|
| gúrḍ [gʰuːɭɖʰ]
|
auroch
|
[gʰuːldʰ]
|
[gʰuːɭɖʰ]
|
[guːld]
|
[ɟuːlɖ]
|
[ɟʰuːɺgʰ]
|
[ɟʰuːɽɖʰ]
|
| máṇġté [mɑːɴɢ̻ʰteː]
|
cattle
|
[mäːɴ̻qθʰeː]
|
[mäɴ̻qʰtʰeː]
|
[mɔɴ̻qtʰeː]
|
[mɑŋ̊qteː]
|
[mɔŋɢdʰeː]
|
[mɑːŋ̊ktʰeː]
|
| ġúmb [ɢʰuːmbʰ]
|
gaur
|
[ɢʰuːmbʰ]
|
[ɢʰuːmbʰ]
|
[ɢuːmb]
|
[guːmb]
|
[gʰuːmbʰ]
|
[gʰuːmbʰ]
|
| módġúmb [moːdʰɢʰuːmbʰ]
|
banteng
|
[moːðʰɢʰuːmbʰ]
|
[moːdʰɢʰuːmbʰ]
|
[moːdɢuːmb]
|
[moːdguːmb]
|
[moːdgʰuːmbʰ]
|
[moːdʰgʰuːmbʰi]
|
| ṭhúr [ʈʰuːl]
|
horn
|
[tʰuːl]
|
[ʈʰuːl]
|
[ʈʰuːl]
|
[ʈʰuːl]
|
[kʰuːɺ]
|
[tˠʰuːɾ]
|
| vǽnyô [ʋaːnjɔː]
|
meadow
|
[ʋäːnjɔː]
|
[ʋɛːnjɔː]
|
[ʋaːnjɔː]
|
[ʋaːnjɔː]
|
[ʋanjɔː]
|
[ʋɛːnjɔː]
|
| ramba [ɾɑmbʰɑ]
|
tiger
|
[ɾämbʰä]
|
[ɾämbʰä]
|
[rɔmbɔ]
|
[rɑmbɑ]
|
[ɺɔmbʰɔ]
|
[ɾɑmbʰɑ]
|
| xáṣvamin [hɑːʂʋɑmin]
|
dolphin
|
[äsʋämin]
|
[häʂʋämin]
|
[ɔsʋɔmin]
|
[ɑʂʋɑmin]
|
[ɔxʋɔmin]
|
[hɑːsˠʋɑmin]
|
| sarír [sɑɾiːl]
|
rye
|
[häɾiːl]
|
[säɾiːl]
|
[sɔriːl]
|
[sɑriːl]
|
[sɔɺiːɺ]
|
[sɑɾiːɾ]
|
| ṭamphí [ʈɑmpʰiː]
|
hemp
|
[tämpʰiː]
|
[ʈämpʰiː]
|
[tɔmpʰiː]
|
[ʈɑmpʰiː]
|
[kɔmpʰiː]
|
[tˠɑmpʰiː]
|
Northwestern
Northeastern
North-central
South-central
Southwestern
Southeastern
See Also