Proto-Kiapni language
| Proto-Kiapni | |
|---|---|
| Region | Seforma |
Language family |
|
 Proto-Kiapni | |
complex tense system (many degrees of spatial and temporal displacement), inclusive/exclusive we distinction; brown - [pimtse] water - [|iesi], gift - [pkxim:eun], man - [pi], boat - [teᵑǁom]
Phonology
Consonants
|
Bilabial |
Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ||
| Plosive | p~b pʰ~bʰ | t~d tʰ~dʰ | k kʰ | ʔ |
| Affricate | t͜sʰ | k͜xʰ | ||
| Fricative | s | x | h |
Allophony
Allophones of /p/ are /β/, /ɸ/; allophones of /t/ are /ɾ/, /θ/; /g/ is an allophone of /k/; /z/ is an allophone of /s/.
Clicks
|
Dental |
Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tenuis | ǀ | ǁ | ǃ | ǂ |
| Nasalised | ᵑǀ | ᵑǁ | ᵑǃ | ᵑǂ |
Vowels
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| High | i ĩ | u ũ |
| Mid-High | e ẽ | o õ |
| Low | a~ɑ ã~ɑ | |
Phonotactics
C(C)V(V)(C)
No consonant clusters of more than two consonants are allowed. Affricates, aspirates, and nasalised clicks count as a single consonant in this analysis. Nasalised vowels may not appear in a diphthong with an oral vowel.
Grammar
Proto-Kiapni is highly agglutinating.
Syntax
Proto-Kiapni typically demonstrates Subject-Object-Verb word order. Prepositions, determiners, and adjectives normally precede the substantives they modify, and adverbs appear at the end of a clause.
Verbs
Verbs in Proto-Kiapni receive the most bound morphemes of any part of speech. The order of these is as follows:
(Voice)+Verb+(Tense)+(Mood)+Subject OR Subject-Object
See Also
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